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秦汉基层的经济自治分为自发型经济自治和引导型经济自治两类,邻里经济自治和宗族亲戚经济自治属自发型经济自治。邻里经济自治的范围限于一里之中,其主要表现形式有经济合作,经济无偿施与,婚丧嫁娶经济自治,邻里经济互助应对天灾人祸,邻里参与解决家庭经济矛盾等。宗族亲戚经济自治的主要内容为经济互助,散财同宗,收恤孤弱等。这一经济自治范围可超越一里、一乡甚至更大的区域。邻里经济自治对于促进基层的稳定、发展发挥了政府不可替代的作用,是国家行政控制的重要补充。宗族亲戚经济自治在合理限度内发挥的是正能量,但如其覆盖乡里行政功能,则会危及到国家政权,宗族亲戚经济自治的畸形发展是造成东汉覆灭的重要原因之一。
The economic autonomy of the Qin and Han dynasties at the grassroots level is divided into two types: spontaneous economic autonomy and guided economic autonomy. The economic autonomy of the neighborhoods and the economic autonomy of the clan relatives belong to spontaneous economic autonomy. The scope of neighborhood economic autonomy is limited to one mile. The main forms of economic autonomy include economic cooperation, free and unmanaged economic activities, economic and social autonomy for marriage and funerals, mutual assistance and economic assistance from neighborhoods and natural disasters, and neighborhood participation in resolving family economic conflicts. The main contents of economic autonomy of clan relatives are economic mutual aid, separation of wealth from property, acceptance of poverty and so on. This economic autonomy can surpass one area, one rural or even larger area. Neighborhood economic autonomy has played an irreplaceable role for the government in promoting the stability and development of grass-roots units and is an important complement to the state administrative control. The economic autonomy of clan relatives exerts positive energy within a reasonable limit. However, if it covers the administrative functions of the township, it will endanger the state power and the abnormal development of economic autonomy of clan relatives is one of the important reasons for the collapse of the Eastern Han Dynasty.