清末编写的历史教科书是中国新史学最初的实践形式,体现了新史学发轫之初历史书写“增其新而不变旧”的特征。中国历史教科书采用章节体、历史分期等新式编纂方式,注重文明史,显示了新史学的影响;但传统的夷夏民族观、帝王家谱式的政治史等叙述方式还占有重要的地位。传统史学成为新史学实践的一个重要资源。对新史学的研究,既要注意到其对西方理论的吸收,也要注意到其对传统史学的继承。 The history textbook written in the late Qing Dynasty is the first form of practice in China’s new history, embodying the characteristics of “writing new but not old” at the beginning of new history. Chinese history textbooks adopt new compilation methods such as chapter body and historical staging, pay attention to the history of civilization, and show the influence of the new history. However, the narrative methods such as the traditional ethnics of the Yi ethics and the political history of the emperors’ genealogy also play an important role. Traditional historiography has become an important resource in the practice of new historiography. The study of new historiography should not only pay attention to its absorption of western theories, but also note its inheritance of traditional historiography.