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目的分析吉林省实施扩大免疫前后风疹流行病学特征,为制定风疹预防控制策略提供依据。方法对法定传染病报告系统及突发公共卫生事件报告信息管理系统报告的风疹发病资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果实施扩大免疫前(2004-2008年)风疹发病率波动在1.26/10万~36.66/10万之间,平均发病率为9.79/10万;扩大免疫后(2009-2013年)发病率波动在1.84/10万~5.61/10万之间,平均发病率为3.76/10万,扩大免疫后较扩大免疫前平均发病率下降了61.58%;每年的4-6月为风疹发病高峰期,4~5年为1个发病高峰,有明显的季节性。各地区均有风疹病例报告,扩大免疫前平均发病率最高的为长春市(15.83/10)万,扩大免疫后平均发病率最高的为延边朝鲜族自治州(8.83/10)万。风疹发病<15岁人群发病约占病例总数的47.49%,15~24岁人群发病约占病例总数的44.24%,25~34岁人群发病约占病例总数的6.12%,扩大免疫后较扩大免疫前平均发病率<5岁上升19.74%,5~9岁为下降40.25%、10~14岁下降60.85%、15~19岁下降72.58%、20~24岁下降79.89%。扩大免疫前后学生、散居儿童和幼托儿童风疹病例分别占病例总数的83.15%和78.33%。结论吉林省实施扩大免疫后,风疹发病大幅下降;风疹暴发疫情主要发生在学生、散居儿童和幼托儿童;应通过摸底调查及查验接种证等方式,开展重点人群的含风疹成分疫苗(RCV)接种,不断提高适龄儿童RCV接种率和及时接种率;对高中及大学新入学学生及育龄期妇女开展RCV查漏补种工作,以降低风疹及先天性风疹综合征发病水平。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rubella before and after the expansion of immunization in Jilin Province and provide evidence for the prevention and control of rubella. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence of rubella according to the report of legal infectious disease reporting system and the public health incident reporting information management system. Results The incidence of rubella fluctuated between 1.26 / 100 ~ 36.66 / 100 000 before the expansion of immunization (2004-2008) with an average incidence of 9.79 / 100 000. The incidence of the epidemic increased from 2009-2013 1.84 / 100000 ~ 5.61 / 100000, the average incidence rate was 3.76 / 100000, and the average incidence of enlarging immunization after the expansion of immunization decreased by 61.58%; From April to June each year, the peak incidence of rubella, 4 ~ 5 years as a peak incidence, there are obvious seasonal. The rubella cases were reported in all regions. The highest average incidence of pre-immunization was Changchun City (15.83 / 10) million. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (8.83 / 10) million was the highest average incidence after immunization. The incidence of rubella is about 47.49% of the total number of cases, the incidence of 15-24 years old is about 44.24% of the total number of cases, the incidence of 25 ~ 34 years old is about 6.12% of the total number of cases, The average incidence rate was 19.74% <5 years old, 40.25% 5-9 years old, 60.85% 10-14 years old, 72.58% 15--19 years old, and 79.89% 20-24 years old. Rubella cases before and after expanding immunization accounted for 83.15% and 78.33% of the total cases, respectively. Conclusions The incidence of rubella dropped significantly after the expansion of immunization in Jilin Province. The outbreak of rubella mainly occurred in students, diaspora and kindergarten children. Rubella component vaccines (RCV) should be carried out in key populations by means of thorough investigation and verification of vaccination certificates. Vaccination, and constantly improve the school-age children RCV vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate; high school and university new enrollment and women of childbearing age to carry out RCV leak detection and replanting work to reduce the incidence of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome.