自主学习是学习者为自己学习负责而主动建构的过程。通过调查,发现南疆地区初中学生的自主学习能力存在的问题主要表现在学生学习的主体地位作用不突出,对自己学习目标和学习计划的调整能力有限,对教师的教学要求了解较少,对除课本之外的其他学习资料的利用较少,对不同阶段的学习策略和方法的调节能力不足,不能保证自己的学习时间并且对学习进度的把握能力弱,对自己的学习成果评估较少,几乎不反思等方面。因此,应围绕学习动机、课堂管理、教师教学和教师期望四个方面来培养学生的自主学习能力。 Autonomous learning is a process in which learners take the initiative to learn for themselves. Through the investigation, it is found that the problems existing in the autonomous learning ability of junior middle school students in southern Xinjiang are mainly manifested in that the main body of students’ learning is not prominent, their ability to readjust their learning goals and learning plans is limited, and their teaching requirements are poorly understood. In addition to textbooks other than the use of learning materials less, different stages of learning strategies and methods to adjust the capacity of inadequate, can not guarantee their learning time and learning ability to grasp the weak, less assessment of their learning outcomes, Almost no reflection and so on. Therefore, we should focus on four aspects of learning motivation, classroom management, teacher teaching and teacher expectations to develop students’ autonomous learning ability.