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1 问题的提出 社会的发展,人口的增多,导致城镇规模的不断扩大。据有关资料,1994年,全国城市总数超过600个。城市的兴起,必然带来建筑物的增多、增高。随着房地产热,拆迁速度的加快,许多中小城镇很有地方特色和民族风格的民居建筑正在消失,代之而起的至少五层以上单元式成排成列的建筑群。这些建筑群无论如何布局多变、色彩纷呈,都有一个共同特色,即作成平屋顶加女儿墙:2％～3％的结构找坡或垫层找坡;其上作防水层,或刚性,或柔性,或设保温层,或不设,再加上隔热板即可(或隔热憎水兼具材料上人屋面)。这种形式,在经济发展初期,倒也不失为一种简单、快速的良策。但在向小康水平迈进的今天,逐渐显露出某些弊端来。
1 The development of the problem The development of society and the increase of population have led to the continuous expansion of the scale of the town. According to relevant information, in 1994, the total number of cities in the country exceeded 600. The rise of cities will inevitably lead to the increase and increase of buildings. As the real estate is hot and the speed of demolition is accelerating, many small and medium-sized cities and towns with local characteristics and ethnic styles of residential buildings are disappearing, and at least more than five levels of unit buildings form an array of buildings. In any case, these buildings have a variety of layouts and colors. They all have a common feature. They are made into flat roofs with parapets: 2% to 3% of the structures are used to find slopes or cushions to find slopes; as a waterproof layer, or as rigid, Or flexible, or set insulation layer, or not, plus insulation board (or heat insulation, water and material on the roof). This form, in the early stages of economic development, is also a simple, fast and good strategy. But today, as we move toward a well-to-do level, we have gradually revealed some drawbacks.