19世纪中期前后 ,随着工业革命的完成 ,英、法、美等资本主义国家的生产力有了巨大发展 ,迫切需要夺取更多的销售市场和原料产地 ,不断拓展殖民地。而地大物博、人口众多的中国成了其侵略的重要目标。此时 ,清朝统治下的中国已处于封建社会末期 ,危机四伏。经济上落后 ,自然经 Around the middle of the 19th century, with the completion of the industrial revolution, the productivity of the capitalist countries such as the United Kingdom, France and the United States had great development, and it was urgently necessary to seize more sales markets and raw material producing areas to constantly expand the colonies. However, China, with its vast territory and vast population, has become an important target of its aggression. At this time, China under the rule of the Qing Dynasty was in the late stage of the feudal society and faced crises. Economically backward, natural