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近些年来世界各国掀起电力市场化改革浪潮, 以提高效率为目的, 通过引入竞争、打破高度一体的垂直垄断,不同程度地放松或解除管制。我国也开始对电力进行市场化改革, 已在部分试点区域实行“厂网分开、竞价上网”, 形成了电力公司双边垄断模式。为了与原有厂网合一、垂直一体化的完全垄断模式作效率比较, 文章构造了赋予垄断地位的国家电力公司的双边垄断采购拍卖模型, 深入分析了这种模式给电力公司、发电厂和用电户带来的期望效用和社会福利水平及变化情况, 结果证明改革后社会福利增加、效率提高, 但并未达到电力市场的社会最优。这表明通过引入竞争进行改革的方向是应该坚持的, 但目前双边垄断仍不是最优模式, 需要进一步打破垄断、加强竞争、提高效率。
In recent years, all countries in the world have launched a wave of electricity market-oriented reforms aimed at improving efficiency by introducing competition, breaking the high vertical monopoly and easing or deregulating to varying degrees. China has also begun the market-based reform of electricity. In some pilot areas, it has implemented the “separation of plant and network, bidding for the Internet” and formed a bilateral monopoly model for power companies. In order to compare with the efficiency of the vertically integrated complete monopoly model in order to integrate with the original plant net, the article constructs a bilateral monopoly procurement auction model of the monopolized state power company, and deeply analyzes this model to power companies, power plants and The expected utility and the level of social welfare brought by the electricity consumers and the changes have proved that the social welfare increased and the efficiency improved after the reform but it did not reach the social optimum of the electricity market. This shows that the direction of reform through the introduction of competition should be adhered to. However, bilateral monopoly is still not the optimal model at present, and the need to further break the monopoly, enhance competition and enhance efficiency.