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目的对塔城市1999年至2004年所有参加高考的学生进行屈光状况调查分析。方法对塔城市六年间所有参加的高考学生进行标准裸眼视力检查,对视力不正常者作常规眼科检查、用自动验光仪验光及显然验光。2004年对双眼裸眼视力均正常(≥1.0)的326名考生测量了眼轴长度。结果共检9846人,汉族考生7557人,少数民族考生2289人。少数民族中哈萨克族考生1154人,维吾尔族考生736人,回族考生115人,达斡尔族80人,俄罗斯考生55人,蒙古族考生51人,其它如柯尔克孜族、锡伯族、塔塔尔族、满族、壮族共98人。平均年龄为(18.31±0.45)岁。共检19692眼,视力正常10012眼,占50.84%,视力异常眼数9680眼,占49.16%。视力异常眼中,有14眼为外伤性白内障及眼球萎缩,103只眼为弱视眼,占视力异常眼数的1.21%,其余均可矫正至正常。汉族考生中屈光不正患病率为57.11%,少数民族为22.89%,二者有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。男考生和女考生的近视患病率分别为41.22%和58.78%,男女考生之间有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。各民族考生屈光不正以轻中度为主,不同民族间考生屈光不正的构成比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。考生在不同年度之间屈光不正患病率亦有显著性差异(P<0.01)。2004年视力正常的考生中维族学生眼轴最短,汉族学生眼轴最长。结论所调查人群的屈光状态存在性别、民族、程度及年度之差异将有助于针对性地保护视力的健康教育和近视病因学研究。
Objective To investigate and analyze the refractive status of all the students taking part in college entrance examination from 1999 to 2004 in Tacheng City. Methods All the university entrance exam students in Tacheng City participated in the standard uncorrected visual acuity examinations for six years and did routine ophthalmic examinations for those with abnormal visual acuity. The optometrists used the optometrists to optometry and apparently optometry. 326 subjects with uncorrected visual acuity (≥1.0) in both eyes measured axial length in 2004. Results A total of 9846 people were examined, 7557 Han Chinese examinees, 2289 minority candidates. Among the minority ethnic groups, there are 1,154 Kazakh students, 736 Uyghurs, 115 Hui students, 80 Daur people, 55 Russian students and 51 Mongolian candidates. Others include the Kirgiz, Xibe, Tatar, Manchu and Zhuang ethnic groups A total of 98 people. The average age was (18.31 ± 0.45) years old. A total of 19,692 eyes were examined, 10012 eyes were normal, accounting for 50.84%, 9680 eyes were abnormal, accounting for 49.16%. Visual acuity eyes, 14 eyes of traumatic cataracts and atrophy, 103 eyes of amblyopic eyes, accounting for 1.21% of eyes with abnormal vision, the rest can be corrected to normal. The prevalence of refractive errors among Han nationality students was 57.11% and that of ethnic minorities was 22.89%. There was a significant difference between the two (P <0.01). The prevalence of myopia in male and female candidates were 41.22% and 58.78%, respectively. There was a significant difference between male and female candidates (P <0.01). The results showed that there was a significant difference (P <0.05) in the constitutional proportions of examinees from different ethnic groups. There was also a significant difference in the prevalence of refractive errors between different years (P <0.01). Uygur students had the shortest axial eyesight in 2004 and those with Han eyes were the longest. Conclusions The difference in sex, ethnicity, degree and year of the refractive status of the surveyed population will be helpful to the health education and the etiology study of myopia.