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利用非溶剂致相法纺丝制备聚氯乙烯(PVC)中空纤维膜,考察了内凝固浴中分别添加溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、NaCl和CaCl2对膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,膜内表面孔结构随内凝固浴中DMF含量的提高,逐渐由致密的蜂窝状变成稀疏的海绵状;膜的水通量先上升后下降、力学性能提高;质量分数6%的DMF内凝固浴的膜性能最优,水通量和力学性能相对于纯水内凝固浴都有很大的提高,制成滤芯时产水量最大。内凝固浴中添加NaCl和CaCl2使中空纤维膜的力学性能提高,但水通量下降。相比而言,内凝固浴中添加溶剂对膜的性能改善效果优于内凝固浴中添加盐。
The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) hollow fiber membrane was prepared by non-solvent induced phase spinning method. The effects of solvent N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), NaCl and CaCl2 on the structure and properties of the membrane influences. The results showed that the pore structure on the inner surface of the membrane changed gradually from compact honeycomb to spongy sponge with the increase of DMF content in the inner coagulation bath. The water flux of the membrane first increased and then decreased, and the mechanical properties improved. The mass fraction of 6% The optimal coagulation bath DMF membrane performance, water flux and mechanical properties relative to pure water within the coagulation bath has greatly improved, when the filter made of the largest water production. The addition of NaCl and CaCl2 in the coagulation bath increased the mechanical properties of the hollow fiber membrane, but the water flux decreased. In contrast, the addition of a solvent to the inner coagulation bath has a better effect on the performance of the membrane than the addition of salt in the inner coagulation bath.