Objective: In addition to pH regulation, Na++/H++ exchanger (NHE) has been shown to facilitate cell growth and proliferation. However, the effects of long-term inhibition of Na++/H++ exchange on cardiac structural and functional remodeling post myocardial infarction (MI) are still controversial. The present study was therefore carried out to further investigate the effects of long-term treatment with cariporide, a specific inhibitor of NHE-1, on cardiac remodeling after MI in rats; Methods: Male Wistar rats that underwent coronary ligation were randomly selected for cariporide treatment starting 6 h after induction of MI or no treatment.Treatment was continued up to 6 weeks post MI, after which, the arterial, venous and left ventricular catheters were chronically implanted. Twenty-four h later, after hemodynamic signals were recorded in conscious rats, they were sacrificed and hearts were taken out for morphological examinations; Results: Cariporide treatment decreased the heart weight and heart weight to body weight ratio (both %P%<0.05), decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (%P%<0.001), improved myocardial contractility (d%P%/d%t%-{max}) (%P%<0.05) and tended to increase the survival of treated rats compared to that of untreated infarct rats; Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the long-term inhibition of NHE with cariporide can attenuate cardiac structural remodeling and improve left ventricular dysfunction in infarcted rats, and suggest that Na++/H++ exchange inhibition could be an effective therapeutic strategy for myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. However, the effects of long-term inhibition of Na ++ / H ++ exchange on cardiac structural and functional remodeling post myocardial infarction (MI) are still controversial. The present study was therefore carried carried to further investigate the effects of long-term treatment with cariporide, a specific inhibitor of NHE-I, on cardiac remodeling after MI in rats; Methods: Male Wistar rats that underwent coronary ligation were randomly selected for cariporide treatment starting 6 h after induction of MI or no treatment. Treatment was continued up to 6 weeks post MI, after which, the arterial, venous and left ventricular catheters were chronically implanted. Twenty-four h later, after hemodynamic signals were recorded in conscious rats, they were sacrificed and hearts were taken out for morphological examinations; Results: Cariporide treatment decreased the hear t weight and heart weight to body weight ratio (both % P % <0.05), decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (% P % <0.001), improved myocardial contractility % / d % t % - {max }) (% P % <0.05) and tended to increase the survival of treated rats compared to that of untreated infarct rats ; Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the long-term inhibition of NHE with cariporide can attenuate cardiac structural remodeling and improve left ventricular dysfunction in infarcted rats, and suggest that Na ++ / H ++ exchange inhibition could be an effective therapeutic strategy for myocardial infarction-induced heart failure.