学术界针对马克思的工资理论长期存在争论和误解。从不同时期的文本来看,马克思的工资理论经历了由不成熟向成熟的发展过程。受古典经济学生存工资理论的影响,在马克思的早期文本中,并没有区分劳动与劳动力、工资与最低工资等关键概念;在《资本论》中,马克思建立起自己成熟的工资理论,并发展出相对独立的最低工资学说,从而彻底与古典经济学及其代表性的“工资等于最低(生存)工资”的说法划清界限。与工作日理论一脉相承,马克思的最低工资学说从劳动力商品的特殊性出发,为法定最低工资制度的确立奠定了理论基础。 Academics have long argued and misunderstood Marx’s wage theory. Judging from the texts of different periods, Marx’s wage theory has undergone an immature to mature development. Influenced by the theory of subsistence wages in classical economics, in the early texts of Marx, there were no key concepts such as labor and labor, wages and minimum wages. In “Capital Theory”, Marx established his mature wage theory and developed A relatively independent theory of the minimum wage, so as to draw a clear line of demarcation from classical economics and its representative “wage equal to the minimum (subsistence) wage”. In keeping with the working day theory, Marx’s minimum wage theory starts from the peculiarities of labor goods and lays the theoretical foundation for the establishment of the legal minimum wage system.