应用模型与实际模型总是存在差异，如何从理论上探讨这种差异的影响以及在实际处理中如何进行选择是非常困难的。本文中分析了差异的主要原因，明确了模型误差的概念，并从理论上探讨了模型误差对轨道估计精度的影响，给出了具体的影响误差计算公式；在此基础上，提出了轨道参数的估计效率和客户效率的概念，并由此导出了模型误差处理原则，从而回答了实际数据处理中，模型误差处理方案的选择问题。最后，给出了一个应用实例 There are always differences between the application model and the actual model. How to theoretically explore the impact of this difference and how to make the choice in the actual process is very difficult. In this paper, the main reason for the difference is analyzed, the concept of model error is clarified, and the influence of model error on the accuracy of orbit estimation is discussed theoretically. The calculation formula of influence error is given. On this basis, the orbit parameter The concept of estimation efficiency and customer efficiency, and derived from the principle of model error handling, which answers the actual data processing, model error handling options. Finally, an application example is given