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本文在前人研究新疆屯田史、农业开发史和自然环境变迁的基础上,从环境史的角度出发,利用丰富的历史文献记载,集中探讨了乾隆年间天山北麓农业开发活动中人与自然环境之间的关系发生、发展和变化的过程。本文主体内容的第一部分概括天山北麓自然环境特点的基础和大规模农业开发以前天山北麓的游牧文化景观,这是理解乾隆年间人与环境互动的基础;第二部分,通过引用丰富的历史记载,细致而微地呈现了乾隆年间迁移而来的农耕民族如何看待这片土地、农业耕种如何从无到有、由内地带来的农业耕作制度和技术如何适应当地自然环境等人与环境的互动过程;最后,复原了乾隆六十年(1795)天山北麓的地理景观,总结指出乾隆年间天山北麓地理景观的变化主要发生在平原地区(出现的农业聚落和绿洲农业景观),迁移而来的屯兵、户民和天山北麓的自然环境共同造就了乾隆末年天山北麓的地理景观特征。
Based on the previous studies on the history of Tuntian, the history of agricultural development and the changes of natural environment in Xinjiang, this paper, from the perspective of environmental history, uses rich historical records to focus on the relationship between man and the natural environment in agricultural development activities in the northern Tianshan Mountains The relationship between the occurrence, development and change process. The first part of this article summarizes the basic characteristics of the natural environment in the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountain and the nomadic cultural landscape before the large-scale agricultural development in the northern Tianshan Mountains. This is the basis for understanding the interaction between man and the environment during the Qianlong reign. In the second part, Records, meticulously and nuancedly shows how the farming people from the Qianlong years saw the land, how the agricultural cultivation started from scratch, and how the agricultural cultivation systems and technologies brought by the hinterland adapted to the local natural environment and other people and the environment Finally, the restoration of the geographical landscape in the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains during the sixty years of Qianlong (1795) concluded that the changes in the landscape of the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains in Qianlong mainly occurred in the plain areas (agricultural settlements and oasis agricultural landscapes that occurred) To station troops, households and the natural environment of the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains together created the last days of Tianshan mountains of the geographical landscape features.