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Abstract The aim was to develop green strawberry varieties， control soil-borne diseases from facility strawberry continuous cropping， improve the safety and quality of strawberries and promote the healthy and stable development of the strawberry industry. Based on the production practices in recent years， we summarized the physical-biological collaborative prevention and control technology for the disease of facility strawberry continuous cropping facilities， established the technical goals， the main types of soil-borne diseases， and the physical-biological collaborative control prevention and control technologies， mainly including the specific methods and technical points of solar high temperature disinfection technology and biological bacterial fertilizer （agent） treatment technology.
Key words Facility strawberry； Continuous cropping disease； Solar high temperature disinfection； Biological bacterial fertilizer （agent） treatment； Cooperative prevention and control； Technical method
Received： January 7， 2018Accepted： March 26， 2018
Supported by the Comprehensive Treatment Technology Research and Development for Greenhouse Strawberry Successive Cropping Obstacles， the Agricultural Science and Technology Support Program of Jurong City （NY2016745091）； the Integrated Demonstration of Green Control Technologies for Strawberry Pests and Diseases， the Demonstration and Promotion Project of Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission[Hunongketui Zi （2015） No.2-7].
Muxiang JI （1963-）， male， P. R. China， researcher， devoted to research about fruit tree plant protection pesticides and green prevention and control technology.
*Corresponding author， E-mail： [email protected]
The long-term continuous cropping of facility strawberry causes serious soil-borne diseases， the decrease of growth potential， yield and quality of strawberries， which have seriously affected the economic efficiency of strawberries， restricting the healthy and stable development of facility strawberry production[1]. It has found that Hongjia strawberry have an average ratio of infected plant of 10%-15% in the greenhouse planting with continuous cropping for over 4 years， even reaches over 55% if serious[2]. It also has found that the number of main soil fungi in strawberry greenhouse is in the order of Fusarium > Penicillium > Pythium > Rhizopus， mainly wilt， verticillium wilt， root rot[3]. Through the production practice in recent years， we have concluded a physical-biological method for the prevention and control of strawberry soil-borne diseases in greenhouses of continuous cropping， which can better solve the problems of diseases in the continuous cropping of greenhouse strawberry and achieve good results. Technical Goals
The use of physical-biological prevention and control technology has the control efficacy of soil-borne diseases reach over 90% in the greenhouses with continuous cropping of strawberries. It greatly reduces the field weeds and the occurrence of underground pests in soil. It can replace chemical control， and it will not cause any atmosphere or soil pollution， showing significant ecological benefits. In addition， it saves the costs. Therefore， the use of physical-biological prevention and control technology can achieve the green and ecological production of strawberries， and the safety and quality can be assured， with the production and efficiency increased by more than 30%.
Characteristics of Major Soil-borne Diseases
Wilt
The pathogen are Fusarium oxysporum strains that have been specialized for strawberry， and the strains mainly do damage to the roots of strawberry， causing the plants to dwarf and even die. At the beginning of the disease， the interior leaves turn yellow-green or yellow， and some are in contracture deformity. The growth of the diseased plant is weakened， the leaves are dull， and there are often 1-2 leaflets become deformed or small， thereby becoming hardened， which often occurs on one side. The old leaves become purple and withered， and then turn yellow， until the whole plant is withered. Sometimes， the symptoms of the lightly affected strains can disappear， but the number of fruits decreases. The vascular bundles of the roots， petioles， and stems of the diseased plants become brown to dark brown[4] （Fig.1）.
The pathogen of wilt can be spread through diseased plants and diseased soils， and mainly go through the winter in soil or unfermented bacteria carrying fertilizers and seeds in the form of hyphae and chlamydospores with the diseased plants. The pathogen spreads and diffuses with the divisions of strawberry seedlings and stolon seedlings. When the strawberries are transplanted， the pathogen invades from the natural splits or wounds in roots， propagate， grow and develop in the vascular bundle of the rhizome， forming small conidia， and move and proliferate in the catheter， which can destroy the normal transportation mechanims of plants through blocking the vascular bundles and secrete toxins. Continuous cropping or soil stickiness， low-lying terrain， and poor drainage can all aggravate the disease. There are certain differences in the degree of disease among the varieties. The disease is serious in varieties like Hongjia， Ningyu， while relatively light in varieties like Fengxia， Sweet Charlie. Verticillium wilt
The pathogen of verticillium wilt is Verticillium dahliae. It initially invades the outer leaves and petiole， producing dark brown， long scabs， and then the leaves turn yellowish-brown wilting from the leaf margins and veins， and die when dried. The diseased tender new leaves show no activity， and the leaves begin to turn brown and wilting until the whole plant is withered （Fig. 2）. After the death of the diseased plant， the above-ground parts become dark brown and corrupted. The disease does not occur in the high temperature season in summer. The interior leaves show no deformation and yellowing， and the center vascular bundle does not turn red-brown.
Root rot
Strawberry root rot is a general term for a wide range of diseases caused by the interaction of various pathogens and the environment. According to the symptoms of strawberry root damage， strawberry root rot can be divided into： strawberry root rot disease， which has the total root system rotten； strawberry crown root rot， which has the roots rotten presenting white color， so it is also known as strawberry white root rot； strawberry red stele root rot and strawberry red heart rot， both of which have the stele of the diseased roots turned into reddish-brown and make the roots rot from the inside to the outside； strawberry black root rot， which has the diseased roots turned black or brown and rotten from the outside to the inside. Strawberry root rot is a soil-borne disease that is persistent. The spores and sporangia of pathogenic fungi can survive in the soil for a long time without the host and remain invasive[5] （Fig. 3）.
Physical-biological Collaborative Prevention and Control Technology
Solar high temperature disinfection
After strawberry harvesting， remove strawberry seedlings and weeds， and remove surface coverings such as black mulch. In late June to early July， unfermented organic matter is applied， added with rice bran and lime nitrogen， into the soil by mixing through intertillage， which is done mechanically or artificially. The field surface inside the greenhouse is covered with mulching films that moisturizes the soil. The greenhouse is covered with mulching films with the surroundings compacted with soil to prevent air from entering （Fig. 4）. The soil oxygen is consumed by the fermentation of organic materials， rice bran， so that the soil is in anoxic state for a long time， and the high temperature in summer makes the soil temperature reach 50-60 ℃， which can effectively kill pathogens[6-7]. Solar high temperature disinfection steps
（1） Cleaning the plots. In early June， the remnants of the crops harvested from the selected greenhouses should be cleaned， burned， buried or placed far away from the planting areas.
（2） Spreading organic materials and lime nitrogen or rice bran over the field in early July. The soil in the corner of the greenhouse should be scooped to the middle as much as possible， and the application amount of organic matters （livestock manure， mushroom slag， vinegar wastes or straws） is 22 500-45 000 kg/hm2， rice bran of 4 500-7 500 kg/hm2 or cake fertilizer of 3 000 kg/hm2 or lime nitrogen of 750- 900 kg/hm2.
（3） Deep plowing. The organic materials and lime nitrogen are plowed into soil through deep plowing using rotary cultivator or artificially at the depth of 20-40 cm. Plowing is even to increase the contact area of lime nitrogen or rice bran with soil particles.
（4） Sealing the ground. In mid-July， clean， transparent plastic films are used to seal the soil surface.
（5） Irrigation. Water is irrigated into the ridges from the bottom of films until the ridge surface is fully wet. The plots with poor water retention performance can be irrigated twice.
（6） Closing the greenhouse. After the ridges are sealed， the greenhouses are completely closed with attention being paid to the entrances and exits of the greenhouses to make no air leak. On sunny days， the soil layers at the depth of 20-30 cm can maintain at 50-60 ℃ for a long time， and the field surface temperature can reach above 70 ℃for a duration of 20-30 d.
（7） Ventilation. In early August， open the vents or remove the film of the greenhouse， remove the floor film， clean the recycled film in time， plow the ridge soil and make up the fertilizing material. After half a month， the strawberry production can be carried out.
Precautions
（1） For the plots with more serious diseases， the application amounts of lime nitrogen or rice bran and organic matter in the first year should be controlled at the upper limit， and then gradually reduce the amount to the lower limit.
（2） The soil and lime nitrogen or rice bran should be fully mixed to maintain sufficient moisture content in the soil， and the plots with poor water retention performance should be supplemented with an appropriate amount of moisture during the treatment process.
（3） Sealing property is one of the main factors determining the degree and rising speed of soil temperature， so the degree of damage of plastic film should be inspected frequently. If it is damaged， it must be promptly repaired. （4） In the course of treatment， in case of continuous cloudy or rain， the number of treatment days should be prolonged properly.
（5） Personnel handling lime nitrogen soil disinfection should not drink alcohol on the day of work.
Biological bacterial fertilizer （agent） application technology
Application of soil biological bacteria fertilizer
About 1 800-2 400 kg per hectare of biological bacterial fertilizers （≧ 200 million cfu/g Bacillus subtilis， ≧60% of organic matter） are added to the field before strawberry cultivating and ridging at about 15 d before the field planting of strawberry seedlings. After strawberry ridging， 60-75 kg of 100 million cfu/g Bacillus mucilaginosus powder and other biological agents is spread over the fields mixed with 150 kg of rice bran or bran， which should be followed with timely shallow plowing to make them mix into the soil， and the at humidity of the ridge surface should be kept at over 80%[8] （Fig. 5）.
Root dipping treatment
Before field planting， the strawberry seedlings are treated with root dipping treatment， using the 20 times diluted solution of 200 million cfu/g Trichoderma WP， or 30 times diluted solution of 300 million cfu/g Trichoderma harzianum WP， or 50 times diluted solution of 100 billion cfu/g Bacillus subtilis WP[9-10]. The diseased seedlings can be added with 500 times diluted 25% pyraclostrobin EC. Treatment method： put a container of higher than 15 cm in the liquid at the depth of 6-10 cm， and then soak the roots of strawberry seedlings neatly in the liquid for 10-20 min， and then take them out and put them in rows in shade for later planting （Fig. 6）.
After strawberry seedlings are planted， the roots are irrigated （leached） with 500 times dilutedsolution of EM bacteria， 250 times diluted solution of 1 billion cfu/g Bacillus mucilaginosus， 1 000 times diluted solution of 100 billion cfu/g Bacillus subtilis， 200 times diluted solution of 200 million cfu/g Trichoderma WP， within 1-2 d after planting， the application amount of liquid per plant is 200 ml[11-12]. The plots with severe diseases should be irrigated for 203 times with an interval of 7-10 d.
Since early July， the plots planted with strawberries should be managed according to the following procedures： spreading high-quality organic manure， rice bran， or lime nitrogen over the fields in the greenhouses → plowing into soil → filling with water， mulching the ground， and closing the greenhouse → continuous high-temperature sterilization using solar energy for 20-30 d → removing the film covered the ground surface， ventilating the greenhouse or removing the greenhouse film → applying biological bacterial fertilizers at 15 d before the field planting of strawberry seedlings， plowing and ridging→ spreading biological bacterial fertilizers over the ridge surface before field planting mixed with a small amount of rice， followed by timely shallow plowing， moisturizing the ridge surface → root dipping treatment to the strawberry seedlings using bio-fertilizers→ root irrigation （leaching） treatment after field planting. References
[1] JI MX， LI GP， YANG JH， et al. Existent problems in strawberry production in greenhouse of Jiangsu Province and technological innovation[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi， 2012， 24（2）：58-60.
[2] JI MX， PAN YP. Problems in the practical and new technology of standardized strawberry production[M]. Beijing： China Agricultural Press， 2011： 8-10.
[3] JI MX， YAO KB， WANG JH， et al. Whole green prevention and control technical patterns for facility strawberry diseases and insect pests[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2016， 44（9）：148-151.
[4] ZHANG YT. Strawberry production technology guide[M]. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2012： 1-2.
[5] ZHOU KS， ZHOU GL， ZOU XX， et al. Identification and prevention technology of strawberry diseases[J]. China Fruit & Vegetable， 2010， 5： 19.
[6] JI MX， YANG JH， WU X， et al. Occurrence regularity and green control measures of main diseases of strawberry in greenhouse[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2012， 40（10）： 114-117.
[7] MEI L， YANG JH， HUO HZ， et al. Soil verification and disinfection to overcome strawberry verticillium wilt[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2010， 5：179-180.
[8] JI MX， LI GP， YANG JH， et al. Green prevention and control technical regulation for facility strawberry diseases and insect pests[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2013， 41（8）： 119-121.
[9] LIU HQ， MA HL， ZUO LB， et al. Studies on growth promotion and disease preventioin effect of biological control fungus on strawberries[J]. Journal of Hebei North University， 2011， 27（2）： 33-35.
[10] HU HT， WANG KM， LI M， et al. Efficacy trial of several Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquids for controlling strawberry diseases[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences，2002，2：521.
[11] HAO BC. Color picture of strawberry pest control[M]. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 1999： 5.
[12] XU YJ. Study on black root rot （a kind of soil-bome disease） which happened in strawberry continuous cropping[D]. Xianyang： Northwest A&F University， 2008.
Key words Facility strawberry； Continuous cropping disease； Solar high temperature disinfection； Biological bacterial fertilizer （agent） treatment； Cooperative prevention and control； Technical method
Received： January 7， 2018Accepted： March 26， 2018
Supported by the Comprehensive Treatment Technology Research and Development for Greenhouse Strawberry Successive Cropping Obstacles， the Agricultural Science and Technology Support Program of Jurong City （NY2016745091）； the Integrated Demonstration of Green Control Technologies for Strawberry Pests and Diseases， the Demonstration and Promotion Project of Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission[Hunongketui Zi （2015） No.2-7].
Muxiang JI （1963-）， male， P. R. China， researcher， devoted to research about fruit tree plant protection pesticides and green prevention and control technology.
*Corresponding author， E-mail： [email protected]
The long-term continuous cropping of facility strawberry causes serious soil-borne diseases， the decrease of growth potential， yield and quality of strawberries， which have seriously affected the economic efficiency of strawberries， restricting the healthy and stable development of facility strawberry production[1]. It has found that Hongjia strawberry have an average ratio of infected plant of 10%-15% in the greenhouse planting with continuous cropping for over 4 years， even reaches over 55% if serious[2]. It also has found that the number of main soil fungi in strawberry greenhouse is in the order of Fusarium > Penicillium > Pythium > Rhizopus， mainly wilt， verticillium wilt， root rot[3]. Through the production practice in recent years， we have concluded a physical-biological method for the prevention and control of strawberry soil-borne diseases in greenhouses of continuous cropping， which can better solve the problems of diseases in the continuous cropping of greenhouse strawberry and achieve good results. Technical Goals
The use of physical-biological prevention and control technology has the control efficacy of soil-borne diseases reach over 90% in the greenhouses with continuous cropping of strawberries. It greatly reduces the field weeds and the occurrence of underground pests in soil. It can replace chemical control， and it will not cause any atmosphere or soil pollution， showing significant ecological benefits. In addition， it saves the costs. Therefore， the use of physical-biological prevention and control technology can achieve the green and ecological production of strawberries， and the safety and quality can be assured， with the production and efficiency increased by more than 30%.
Characteristics of Major Soil-borne Diseases
Wilt
The pathogen are Fusarium oxysporum strains that have been specialized for strawberry， and the strains mainly do damage to the roots of strawberry， causing the plants to dwarf and even die. At the beginning of the disease， the interior leaves turn yellow-green or yellow， and some are in contracture deformity. The growth of the diseased plant is weakened， the leaves are dull， and there are often 1-2 leaflets become deformed or small， thereby becoming hardened， which often occurs on one side. The old leaves become purple and withered， and then turn yellow， until the whole plant is withered. Sometimes， the symptoms of the lightly affected strains can disappear， but the number of fruits decreases. The vascular bundles of the roots， petioles， and stems of the diseased plants become brown to dark brown[4] （Fig.1）.
The pathogen of wilt can be spread through diseased plants and diseased soils， and mainly go through the winter in soil or unfermented bacteria carrying fertilizers and seeds in the form of hyphae and chlamydospores with the diseased plants. The pathogen spreads and diffuses with the divisions of strawberry seedlings and stolon seedlings. When the strawberries are transplanted， the pathogen invades from the natural splits or wounds in roots， propagate， grow and develop in the vascular bundle of the rhizome， forming small conidia， and move and proliferate in the catheter， which can destroy the normal transportation mechanims of plants through blocking the vascular bundles and secrete toxins. Continuous cropping or soil stickiness， low-lying terrain， and poor drainage can all aggravate the disease. There are certain differences in the degree of disease among the varieties. The disease is serious in varieties like Hongjia， Ningyu， while relatively light in varieties like Fengxia， Sweet Charlie. Verticillium wilt
The pathogen of verticillium wilt is Verticillium dahliae. It initially invades the outer leaves and petiole， producing dark brown， long scabs， and then the leaves turn yellowish-brown wilting from the leaf margins and veins， and die when dried. The diseased tender new leaves show no activity， and the leaves begin to turn brown and wilting until the whole plant is withered （Fig. 2）. After the death of the diseased plant， the above-ground parts become dark brown and corrupted. The disease does not occur in the high temperature season in summer. The interior leaves show no deformation and yellowing， and the center vascular bundle does not turn red-brown.
Root rot
Strawberry root rot is a general term for a wide range of diseases caused by the interaction of various pathogens and the environment. According to the symptoms of strawberry root damage， strawberry root rot can be divided into： strawberry root rot disease， which has the total root system rotten； strawberry crown root rot， which has the roots rotten presenting white color， so it is also known as strawberry white root rot； strawberry red stele root rot and strawberry red heart rot， both of which have the stele of the diseased roots turned into reddish-brown and make the roots rot from the inside to the outside； strawberry black root rot， which has the diseased roots turned black or brown and rotten from the outside to the inside. Strawberry root rot is a soil-borne disease that is persistent. The spores and sporangia of pathogenic fungi can survive in the soil for a long time without the host and remain invasive[5] （Fig. 3）.
Physical-biological Collaborative Prevention and Control Technology
Solar high temperature disinfection
After strawberry harvesting， remove strawberry seedlings and weeds， and remove surface coverings such as black mulch. In late June to early July， unfermented organic matter is applied， added with rice bran and lime nitrogen， into the soil by mixing through intertillage， which is done mechanically or artificially. The field surface inside the greenhouse is covered with mulching films that moisturizes the soil. The greenhouse is covered with mulching films with the surroundings compacted with soil to prevent air from entering （Fig. 4）. The soil oxygen is consumed by the fermentation of organic materials， rice bran， so that the soil is in anoxic state for a long time， and the high temperature in summer makes the soil temperature reach 50-60 ℃， which can effectively kill pathogens[6-7]. Solar high temperature disinfection steps
（1） Cleaning the plots. In early June， the remnants of the crops harvested from the selected greenhouses should be cleaned， burned， buried or placed far away from the planting areas.
（2） Spreading organic materials and lime nitrogen or rice bran over the field in early July. The soil in the corner of the greenhouse should be scooped to the middle as much as possible， and the application amount of organic matters （livestock manure， mushroom slag， vinegar wastes or straws） is 22 500-45 000 kg/hm2， rice bran of 4 500-7 500 kg/hm2 or cake fertilizer of 3 000 kg/hm2 or lime nitrogen of 750- 900 kg/hm2.
（3） Deep plowing. The organic materials and lime nitrogen are plowed into soil through deep plowing using rotary cultivator or artificially at the depth of 20-40 cm. Plowing is even to increase the contact area of lime nitrogen or rice bran with soil particles.
（4） Sealing the ground. In mid-July， clean， transparent plastic films are used to seal the soil surface.
（5） Irrigation. Water is irrigated into the ridges from the bottom of films until the ridge surface is fully wet. The plots with poor water retention performance can be irrigated twice.
（6） Closing the greenhouse. After the ridges are sealed， the greenhouses are completely closed with attention being paid to the entrances and exits of the greenhouses to make no air leak. On sunny days， the soil layers at the depth of 20-30 cm can maintain at 50-60 ℃ for a long time， and the field surface temperature can reach above 70 ℃for a duration of 20-30 d.
（7） Ventilation. In early August， open the vents or remove the film of the greenhouse， remove the floor film， clean the recycled film in time， plow the ridge soil and make up the fertilizing material. After half a month， the strawberry production can be carried out.
Precautions
（1） For the plots with more serious diseases， the application amounts of lime nitrogen or rice bran and organic matter in the first year should be controlled at the upper limit， and then gradually reduce the amount to the lower limit.
（2） The soil and lime nitrogen or rice bran should be fully mixed to maintain sufficient moisture content in the soil， and the plots with poor water retention performance should be supplemented with an appropriate amount of moisture during the treatment process.
（3） Sealing property is one of the main factors determining the degree and rising speed of soil temperature， so the degree of damage of plastic film should be inspected frequently. If it is damaged， it must be promptly repaired. （4） In the course of treatment， in case of continuous cloudy or rain， the number of treatment days should be prolonged properly.
（5） Personnel handling lime nitrogen soil disinfection should not drink alcohol on the day of work.
Biological bacterial fertilizer （agent） application technology
Application of soil biological bacteria fertilizer
About 1 800-2 400 kg per hectare of biological bacterial fertilizers （≧ 200 million cfu/g Bacillus subtilis， ≧60% of organic matter） are added to the field before strawberry cultivating and ridging at about 15 d before the field planting of strawberry seedlings. After strawberry ridging， 60-75 kg of 100 million cfu/g Bacillus mucilaginosus powder and other biological agents is spread over the fields mixed with 150 kg of rice bran or bran， which should be followed with timely shallow plowing to make them mix into the soil， and the at humidity of the ridge surface should be kept at over 80%[8] （Fig. 5）.
Root dipping treatment
Before field planting， the strawberry seedlings are treated with root dipping treatment， using the 20 times diluted solution of 200 million cfu/g Trichoderma WP， or 30 times diluted solution of 300 million cfu/g Trichoderma harzianum WP， or 50 times diluted solution of 100 billion cfu/g Bacillus subtilis WP[9-10]. The diseased seedlings can be added with 500 times diluted 25% pyraclostrobin EC. Treatment method： put a container of higher than 15 cm in the liquid at the depth of 6-10 cm， and then soak the roots of strawberry seedlings neatly in the liquid for 10-20 min， and then take them out and put them in rows in shade for later planting （Fig. 6）.
After strawberry seedlings are planted， the roots are irrigated （leached） with 500 times dilutedsolution of EM bacteria， 250 times diluted solution of 1 billion cfu/g Bacillus mucilaginosus， 1 000 times diluted solution of 100 billion cfu/g Bacillus subtilis， 200 times diluted solution of 200 million cfu/g Trichoderma WP， within 1-2 d after planting， the application amount of liquid per plant is 200 ml[11-12]. The plots with severe diseases should be irrigated for 203 times with an interval of 7-10 d.
Since early July， the plots planted with strawberries should be managed according to the following procedures： spreading high-quality organic manure， rice bran， or lime nitrogen over the fields in the greenhouses → plowing into soil → filling with water， mulching the ground， and closing the greenhouse → continuous high-temperature sterilization using solar energy for 20-30 d → removing the film covered the ground surface， ventilating the greenhouse or removing the greenhouse film → applying biological bacterial fertilizers at 15 d before the field planting of strawberry seedlings， plowing and ridging→ spreading biological bacterial fertilizers over the ridge surface before field planting mixed with a small amount of rice， followed by timely shallow plowing， moisturizing the ridge surface → root dipping treatment to the strawberry seedlings using bio-fertilizers→ root irrigation （leaching） treatment after field planting. References
[1] JI MX， LI GP， YANG JH， et al. Existent problems in strawberry production in greenhouse of Jiangsu Province and technological innovation[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi， 2012， 24（2）：58-60.
[2] JI MX， PAN YP. Problems in the practical and new technology of standardized strawberry production[M]. Beijing： China Agricultural Press， 2011： 8-10.
[3] JI MX， YAO KB， WANG JH， et al. Whole green prevention and control technical patterns for facility strawberry diseases and insect pests[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2016， 44（9）：148-151.
[4] ZHANG YT. Strawberry production technology guide[M]. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2012： 1-2.
[5] ZHOU KS， ZHOU GL， ZOU XX， et al. Identification and prevention technology of strawberry diseases[J]. China Fruit & Vegetable， 2010， 5： 19.
[6] JI MX， YANG JH， WU X， et al. Occurrence regularity and green control measures of main diseases of strawberry in greenhouse[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2012， 40（10）： 114-117.
[7] MEI L， YANG JH， HUO HZ， et al. Soil verification and disinfection to overcome strawberry verticillium wilt[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2010， 5：179-180.
[8] JI MX， LI GP， YANG JH， et al. Green prevention and control technical regulation for facility strawberry diseases and insect pests[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2013， 41（8）： 119-121.
[9] LIU HQ， MA HL， ZUO LB， et al. Studies on growth promotion and disease preventioin effect of biological control fungus on strawberries[J]. Journal of Hebei North University， 2011， 27（2）： 33-35.
[10] HU HT， WANG KM， LI M， et al. Efficacy trial of several Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquids for controlling strawberry diseases[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences，2002，2：521.
[11] HAO BC. Color picture of strawberry pest control[M]. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 1999： 5.
[12] XU YJ. Study on black root rot （a kind of soil-bome disease） which happened in strawberry continuous cropping[D]. Xianyang： Northwest A&F University， 2008.