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土坝是挡水建筑物中应用最广泛的一种坝型。由于它具具有结构简单,就地取材,造价低廉,施工技术易于掌握,对地形、地质要求较低和便于坝体加高等优点,因而,我国中小型水库和淤地坝多采用土坝。 但是,土坝的上下游坡面,抗冲能力较差,雨水、波浪和近坝溢洪时引起的水面波动,都会对坝面产生不同程度的冲刷。因此,要求水库上游坝坡设置块石或混凝土板护坡,下游坝坡草皮或块石护坡,并设置坝面排水系统。由于坝坡面积很大,内外坡如全部采用块石或混凝土板护坡,需要大量石料、水泥、砂等建筑材料,增加工程造价,因而有相当一部分库坝下游坡面没有进行防
Earth dam is the most widely used type of dam construction dam. Because it has the advantages of simple structure, local materials, low cost, easy to grasp construction technology, low requirements on the topography, geology and higher dam height, so the earth dam is mostly used in small and medium-sized reservoirs and check dam. However, the upstream and downstream slope of the earth dam has poor impact-resistance capacity, and fluctuations of surface water caused by rainwater, waves and spillway near the dam will cause different impacts on the dam surface. Therefore, it is required to set up the block stone or concrete slab slope in the upstream dam slope of the reservoir, the turf of the downstream slope or the block stone slope protection and set the dam drainage system. Due to the large area of the dams, all the inner and outer slopes, such as rock or concrete slab slope, require a large amount of building materials such as stone, cement and sand to increase the construction cost. Therefore, a considerable part of the downstream dams of the dam have not been protected