目的提高小儿肺不张的临床认识和治疗水平。方法对2005年5月至2010年5月期间71例经x线胸片确诊为肺不张住院患儿的临床特点进行总结和分析。结果发病年龄多为婴幼儿,8岁以下小儿59例,占83.1%,其中气管、支气管异物29例占40.8%,下呼吸道感染26例占36.6%,肺不张经治疗恢复者51例占71.8%,未恢复者9例占12.7%,死亡3例占4.2%,自动出院8例占11.3%。结论小儿肺不张常见的病因是异物、感染和分泌物梗阻,以右肺多见,明确诊断,解除梗阻,保持呼吸道通畅,改善肺泡气体交换,支气管镜检查术可作为主要手段。 Objective To improve the clinical awareness and treatment of atelectasis in children. Methods From May 2005 to May 2010, 71 cases of children diagnosed as atelectasis by X-ray chest clinical features were summarized and analyzed. Results The age of onset was mostly infants and young children, 59 children under 8 years old accounted for 83.1%, of which 29 cases were tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies accounting for 40.8%, 26 cases were lower respiratory tract infections accounting for 36.6% and 51 cases were atelectasis treated by atelectasis 9%, 12.7% unrecovered, 3 deaths, 4.2%, and 8 cases spontaneously discharged, accounting for 11.3%. Conclusions The common causes of atelectasis in children are obstruction of foreign body, infection and secretions, common to the right lung, definite diagnosis, relieving of obstruction, keeping the airway clear, and improving alveolar gas exchange. Bronchoscopy can be used as the main method.