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软产道裂伤指分娩过程中发生的会阴、阴道、宫颈裂伤,伤口可延及肛门括约肌、直肠,是自然分娩过程中较易发生的一种并发症。主要影响因素有:会阴阴道炎症、水肿、弹性差;胎儿过大;急产;不适当干预产程;接产时未保护好会阴或操作不当等。软产道裂伤容易导致产后出血、会阴阴道血肿、产后感染等并发症,威胁到产妇身心健康,助产人员在工作中应采取必要措施,降低软产道裂伤的发生。
Soft birth canal laceration refers to the perineum, vagina, cervical laceration occurred during childbirth, the wound can be extended to the anal sphincter, rectum, is more likely to occur during natural childbirth complications. The main influencing factors are: perineal vaginal inflammation, edema, poor flexibility; fetus is too large; emergency; improper intervention in labor; when the production did not protect the perineum or improper operation. Soft birth canal laceration easily lead to postpartum hemorrhage, perineal vaginal hematoma, postpartum infection and other complications, threatening the physical and mental health of mothers, midwifery staff should take the necessary measures to reduce the occurrence of soft birth canal laceration.