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马克思法学思想奠立于对传统法学的变革和超越。构建“法的形而上学体系”的实践使马克思意识到了传统法学的困境。基于世界观、历史观和价值观三重维度的批判,马克思克服了传统法学割裂应有与现有的局限,确立了历史唯物主义的法学观。立足于此,马克思对一系列基本问题作了科学解答,构建起自己的法学思想:一是揭示了法律的本质和根源,认为法律本质上是阶级意志的观念表达,根源于国家与市民社会的矛盾及其利益对立;二是剖析了法律的阶级属性,认为统治阶级不但决定着法律的制定,而且主导着法律的颁布和实施;三是澄清了法律的生产机制,认为统治阶级的法学家是法律这种独特精神生产的主体,他们负责将符合统治者利益的法权关系上升为法律精神和意识形态;四是揭批了资产阶级法律的本质和局限性,在肯定资产阶级法律历史进步性的同时,批判了其维护资产者权益的虚假性和虚伪性;五是对无产阶级法律及其建构原则进行了阐发,揭示了法律与无产阶级专政之间的本质联系,指出了无产阶级法律的社会主义性质及其实现途径。马克思法学思想的内容丰富而深刻,它所蕴含的唯物史观的立场、观点和方法,给予我国法治建设以重要的理论支撑和方向引导。
Marxist jurisprudence is based on the transformation and surpassing of traditional jurisprudence. The practice of constructing the metaphysical system of “law” made Marx realize the dilemma of traditional jurisprudence. Based on the criticism of the three dimensions of the world outlook, history view and values, Marx has overcome the limitations of the traditional jurisprudence and established the jurisprudence of historical materialism. Based on this, Marx made a scientific solution to a series of basic questions and constructed his own legal thoughts: First, it revealed the essence and origin of law, and held that law is essentially the expression of ideas of class will, rooted in the state and civil society Contradictions and their interests; Second, it analyzes the class attribute of law, that the ruling class not only determines the making of law, but also dominates the promulgation and implementation of law; third, it clarifies the law’s production mechanism, Law is the main body of this unique spiritual production. They are responsible for elevating the legal right and ideology that fit the interests of rulers. Fourth, they expose and criticize the essence and limitations of bourgeois law. While affirming the progressive nature of bourgeois legal history, At the same time, it criticizes the falsehood and hypocrisy of the rights and interests of the bourgeoisie. Fifthly, it expounds the law of the proletariat and its construction principles, reveals the essential connection between the law and the dictatorship of the proletariat, points out that the law of the proletariat The Nature of Socialism and Ways to Realize It. The contents of Marx’s jurisprudence are rich and profound. The position, viewpoints and methods of historical materialism implied in it give our country important legal support and direction to guide the construction of rule of law.