巴兰和斯威齐认为等价交换只是自由竞争资本主义的原则,不符合垄断资本主义的特征。然而,在自由竞争资本主义的等价交换中,无产者只有出卖劳动力的自由,没有不出卖劳动力的自由;资产者组织无产者生产,生产结果(含剩余价值)归资产者所有。即使在资本主义以前的简单商品经济的等价交换中,人们在物的形态上交换劳动,商品卖不出去的风险由商品生产者承担,人手的产物反过来统治了人;只能根据社会必要劳动量来交换劳动,承认劳动所结合的生产资料差异的特权。人类不能借助还没有摆脱对物的依赖的等价交换原则实现真正的自由、平等、人权。 Balaam and Sweezy argued that the exchange of equivalence was only the principle of free competition for capitalism and was not in line with the characteristics of monopoly capitalism. However, in the equivalent exchange of free competitive capitalism, the proletariat has only the freedom to sell the labor force and the freedom to sell the labor force. The bourgeoisie organizes the proletarian production and the outcome of the production (including the residual value) is owned by the bourgeois. Even in the equivalent exchange of simple commodity economy before capitalism, people exchanged labor in the form of things, and the risk that the goods could not be sold was borne by the producers of goods, which in turn ruled people; The amount of labor to exchange labor, the recognition of labor-specific differences in the means of production of the privilege. Human beings can not achieve true freedom, equality and human rights by virtue of the principle of equal exchange that has not yet got rid of the dependence of things.