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目的评价特制硅橡胶耳塞对接触噪声作业人员的防护效果。方法选择纺织企业接触噪声工人840人,追踪观察其佩戴特制硅橡胶耳塞4年中听力的变化及不适反应的发生情况。结果纺织企业工作场所声级水平在85dB(A)及以上占78.5%,均为中高频噪声,作业人员接触噪声值约为98.6 dB(A)。特制耳塞在中、高频噪声的衰减值为12～28 dB,且佩戴舒适性较好;佩戴后不适症状耳鸣、头晕、头痛的发生率均明显减少,与佩戴前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。跟踪调查4年,各频率听阈无明显变化,听力损失的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论正确佩戴特制硅橡胶耳塞,对预防纺织企业工人听力损失有一定效果。
Objective To evaluate the protective effect of special silicone rubber earplugs on the contact noise workers. Methods 840 workers exposed to noise in the textile industry were selected and their hearing changes and discomfort were observed after 4 years of wearing special silicone rubber earplugs. Results The level of sound level in the workplace of the textile enterprises was 78.5% at 85dB (A) and above, both of which were high-frequency noise. The contact noise of workers was about 98.6 dB (A). The noise attenuation value of the special earplugs was 12 ~ 28 dB in medium and high frequency, and the wearing comfort was good. The incidence of tinnitus, dizziness and headache after discomfort were significantly decreased, compared with those before wearing, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). After 4 years of follow-up investigation, there was no significant change in hearing threshold at each frequency, and there was no significant difference in the detection rate of hearing loss (P> 0.05). Conclusion Correct wear special silicone rubber ear plugs, to prevent hearing loss of textile workers have some effect.