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目的运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,了解各居民点发热流行率和评价以医疗机构为哨点的伤寒发热监测系统的敏感性。方法收集医学人口普查数据、疾病监测系统信息数据、现场采集居民居住点全球卫星定位数据等资料,建立GIS系统和以人口为基数的发热监测系统;对所有发热就诊病人进行身份和居住地址确认,并制作各居民点年发热就诊率GIS分布图。结果共采集3776个居民居住的全球定位系统(GPS)定位点,人群发热就诊率为1.11‰,发热就诊人次占总门诊人次的16.3%,监测区内的发热就诊病人占所有发热就诊病人的83.5%。在3种类型的医疗机构中,门诊量以个体门诊类最多,但其发热就诊人次占总门诊人次的比率最低(12.6%)。监测区内发热1d或以上的病人地址和身份(ADDRESS-ID)确认率达到95%。根据居民点年发热就诊率GIS分布图,发热就诊率最高的居民点达到17.81‰,最低为0;发热就诊率高的居民点多集中在城市。结论利用GIS技术可直观准确的了解疾病流行率的分布,可迅速直观的寻找出监测系统中的薄弱环节和推断出可能存在的问题。
Objective To use geographic information system (GIS) technology to understand the prevalence of fever in residential areas and to evaluate the sensitivity of typhoid fever monitoring system with sentinel sites as medical institutions. Methods Collecting medical census data, disease monitoring system information data and collecting global resident data such as satellite positioning data, establishing GIS system and population-based fever monitoring system; confirming the identity and residence address of all fever patients, And the production of residents in the annual rate of fever clinic GIS distribution map. Results A total of 3776 GPS locations were collected. The incidence of fever in the population was 1.11 ‰, and the number of fever visits was 16.3%. The fever patients in the monitoring area accounted for 83.5% of all fever patients %. Among the three types of medical institutions, the outpatient volume is the most in outpatient clinics, but the lowest rate (12.6%) is the number of outpatient visits. ADDRESS-ID confirms 95% of patients in the monitored area who have fever for 1 day or more. According to the inhabitants point of view of the annual outbreak of geothermal GIS maps, the highest incidence of fever residents reached 17.81 ‰, the lowest is 0; the rate of fever-intensive settlements and more concentrated in the city. Conclusion Using GIS technology, the distribution of disease prevalence rate can be intuitively and accurately understood, and the weak links in the monitoring system can be found quickly and intuitively and the possible problems can be deduced.