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目的了解江苏省南京市职业噪声接触对作业工人听力损伤的危害程度、特点及听力损伤发病情况。方法抽取江苏省南京市接触噪声作业工人听力体检报告20 650份,纯音测听结果按照GBT7582-2007《声学听阈与年龄关系的统计分布》要求进行年龄和性别校正,听力损伤按照GBZ 49-2014《职业性噪声聋的诊断》进行分级诊断。实验数据统一录入Epidata数据库,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果随着年龄的增大,噪声作业人员中听力损伤者所占比率逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性噪声作业人员听力损伤占8.3%;女性噪声作业人员听力损伤所占比率为3.6%。男性听力损伤率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。小型和微型企业中噪声作业人员听力损伤发生率最高,而大型企业的听力损伤率最低,为5.9%。噪声接害年限<3年者中,听力损伤所占比率为5.2%;接害工龄3~8年者中,听力损伤比率7.1%;接害工龄>8年者中,听力损伤患病率最高,为10.6%,三组接害工龄之间听力损伤患病率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论噪声作业工人的听力损伤发病情况与其噪声暴露的年限、年龄、性别及企业规模有关,应加强企业及噪声作业工人的职业健康监护和个人防护。
Objective To understand the extent and characteristics of occupational noise exposure and occupational noise exposure in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, and the incidence of hearing impairment. Methods A total of 20 650 reports of hearing workers exposed to noise in Nanjing of Jiangsu Province were collected. The results of pure tone audiometry were corrected for age and gender according to the GBT7582-2007 “Statistical distribution of acoustic threshold and age”. According to GBZ 49-2014 “ Occupational noise and deaf diagnosis ”for grading diagnosis. The experimental data were entered into the Epidata database and analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results With the increase of age, the proportion of hearing-impaired persons in noise workers gradually increased, with a significant difference (P <0.05). Male noise workers accounted for 8.3% of hearing impairment; female noise workers hearing loss ratio was 3.6%. The hearing loss rate of male was higher than that of female, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of hearing loss among noise operators in small and micro-enterprises was the highest, while that in large enterprises was the lowest, at 5.9%. Hearing impairment rate was 5.2% in those with noise less than 3 years of age, hearing loss rate was 7.1% in those with 3-8 years of service duration, and the highest hearing loss rate was , 10.6%. There was significant difference in the prevalence of hearing impairment between the three groups (P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of hearing impairment of noise workers is related to the age, sex, and scale of noise exposure, and occupational health protection and personal protection of enterprises and noise workers should be strengthened.