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许多考察妇女政治权利变化的研究,都集中关注国家和国际政策中妇女权利的明显改善与否,以及国际、国家和地方层级的代议机构中的性别均衡。这种研究自然会导致对关于妇女权利之舆论的关切,因为关于妇女权利之舆论为各种政策与代议机构的合法性提供了支持。然而,如果单独进行考察,就会发现,与政策和妇女代表性的变化一样,随着时间推移而发生的舆论变化,也产生了一个关于妇女状况的不完整图景。关于妇女权利发展趋势的统计数据背后所存在的事实至关重要,如果为妇女政治权利提供支持的来源随着时间的流逝而发生了转移,那么,对这些事实的了解就必不可少。我们使用来自北京世界妇女大会前后数年的科威特的数据,以证明关于妇女权利之舆论的缺乏变化如何掩盖了影响妇女的政策与实践中出现的重要社会动向。1994年时,对妇女权利的支持在绝大多数和拥有特权的公民中明显存在;但到了1998年,在大多数公众中支持减少了,而在身处社会网络之内和拥有特殊的政治与文化议程的那些人中支持则有所增加。
Many studies examining the changes in womens political rights have focused on the apparent improvement in the rights of women in national and international policies and the gender balance in representative institutions at the international, national and local levels. Such research naturally leads to concerns about public opinion on women’s rights, as public opinion on women’s rights has provided support for the legitimacy of various policies and agencies. However, when taken alone, one finds that, as with the changes in policy and representation of women, changes in public opinion over time have also produced an incomplete picture of the situation of women. The facts behind the statistics on the trend of the development of women’s rights are of paramount importance and understanding of these facts is essential if the sources of support for women’s political rights have shifted over time. We use data from Kuwait for several years before and after the Beijing World Conference on Women to demonstrate how the lack of change in public opinion on women’s rights masks important social trends in policies and practices affecting women. In 1994, support for women’s rights was evident in the overwhelming majority of privileged citizens; by 1998, however, support for the majority had declined, while in the social network and with special political and There is an increase in support among those who have cultural agendas.