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目的了解深圳市9例甲型H1N1流感死亡病例流行病学特征和相关影响因素,为制定防控和治疗对策提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对深圳市9例甲型H1N1流感死亡病例行统计分析。结果深圳市2009~2013年上半年共报告死亡病例9人,病死率为1.83%,共出现两个发病高峰,2009年11月~2010年1月和2013年3~4月,第一个发病高峰以小于10岁年龄组人群为主,第二发病高峰以大年龄组为主,平均年龄33.5岁。44.44%(4/9)的死亡病例患有慢性基础性疾病,以高血压、糖尿病和恶性肿瘤为主。死亡病例发病至首次就诊平均时间为2.3d(0~7d),发病到诊断平均时间为6.56d(3~19d),发病到死亡平均时间27.89d(6~81d)。66.67%(6/9)的死亡病例使用了抗病毒药物奥司他韦治疗,但是从患者发病到开始使用抗病毒药物平均为3d(2~5d),88.89%(8/9)的患者使用了糖皮质激素,所有患者均使用了氧气治疗,所有患者均出现了并发症,以肺炎、呼吸衰竭为主。结论 2013年上半年甲型H1N1流感死亡病例特征与以往不同,需引起重视,加强监测。就诊、诊断以及抗病毒药物的及时使用对甲型H1N1流感患者的预后具有重要的影响。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of 9 deaths from Influenza A (H1N1) in Shenzhen and related factors, so as to provide basis for prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze 9 cases of death from influenza A (H1N1) in Shenzhen. Results A total of 9 deaths were reported in Shenzhen from the first half of 2009 to the end of 2013. The case fatality rate was 1.83%. There were two peak incidences. From November 2009 to January 2010 and from March to April 2013, the first incidence The peak was less than 10-year-old age-based crowd, the second peak incidence of major age groups, with an average age of 33.5 years. 44.44% (4/9) of the deaths suffered from chronic underlying diseases, mainly hypertension, diabetes and malignant tumors. The average time from the onset of death to first visit was 2.3 days (ranged from 0 to 7 days). The average time from onset to diagnosis was 6.56 days (ranged from 3 days to 19 days). The average time from death to death was 27.89 days (ranged from 6 to 81 days). 66.67% (6/9) of the deaths were treated with the antiviral oseltamivir, but the average time from the onset of the disease to the start of antiviral use was 3d (2 ~ 5 days) and 88.89% (8/9) Glucocorticoids, all patients were treated with oxygen, all patients had complications, pneumonia, respiratory failure. Conclusion In the first half of 2013, the deaths from Influenza A (H1N1) were different from those in the past, and attention should be given to monitoring. Treatment, diagnosis and the timely use of antiviral drugs have a significant impact on the prognosis of patients with influenza A (H1N1).