论文部分内容阅读
目的了解近十年深圳市某街道企业工作场所空气中三氯乙烯的职业危害特点和控制情况变化趋势,为评估实施(basic occupational health service,BOHS)对中小企业工作场所三氯乙烯职业危害控制水平的影响提供实证依据。方法通过2004-2013年对深圳市宝安区某街道存在三氯乙烯职业危害的中小企业进行动态监测,获得企业工作场所空气中三氯乙烯浓度水平的有效数据,对十年监测数据进行统计分析。结果工作场所三氯乙烯监测超标企业主要行业分布:电子(65.7%)、塑胶五金(15.3%)、机械(9.5%)、表业(4.4%)等;超标点主要岗位分布:清洗清洁(75.3%)、印刷(10.4%)和包装检测(5.4%)等;监测企业合格率和监测点合格率:2004-2013年均逐年增加,监测企业合格率从2004年的35.0%增加到2013年的92.3%,监测点合格率从50.6%增加到96.1%。实施BOHS后(84.4%和90.8%)较实施BOHS前(52.2%和60.4%)有显著增加。结论近十年,深圳三氯乙烯职业病危害比较严重的企业主要是电子与五金类,应加强清洗位、表面清洁位等相关工作岗位的监督监测及健康监护;实施BOHS对中小企业工作场所三氯乙烯职业危害控制水平有明显提高。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards of Trichlorethylene in the air of a street enterprise in a certain city in Shenzhen in the recent ten years and the trend of its control. This research aims to establish a control system for occupational hazards of trichlorethylene in the workplace of small and medium-sized enterprises (BOHS) Provide empirical evidence. Methods By means of dynamic monitoring of small and medium-sized enterprises with occupational hazards of trichlorethylene in a street in Bao’an District of Shenzhen City from 2004 to 2013, effective data on the concentration of trichlorethylene in the air of enterprises in the workplace were obtained and statistical analysis was made on the monitoring data of the past decade. Results Surveillance of Trichlorethylene Exceeded in the Workplace The distribution of major industries in the enterprises was as follows: Electronics (65.7%), Plastic Hardware (15.3%), Machinery (9.5%), Table Industry (4.4% %), Printing (10.4%) and packaging inspection (5.4%). The qualified rate of monitoring enterprises and the pass rate of monitoring points increased year by year in 2004-2013. The passing rate of monitoring enterprises increased from 35.0% in 2004 to 92.3%. The passing rate of monitoring points increased from 50.6% to 96.1%. After the implementation of BOHS (84.4% and 90.8%) than before the implementation of BOHS (52.2% and 60.4%) increased significantly. Conclusions In the recent ten years, the enterprises with relatively serious occupational hazards of trichlorethylene in Shenzhen are mainly electronic and metal types. Supervision, monitoring and health monitoring should be stepped up for workplaces such as cleaning bits and surface cleaning bits. Implementation of BOHS on trichloride in the workplace of small and medium-sized enterprises Ethylene occupational hazards control has significantly improved.