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为了探索雌螨延迟交配对整个种群的负面效应,采用叶碟饲养法,在室内条件下研究了延迟交配对山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis Zacher繁殖及种群增长的影响。结果表明:雌螨延迟交配主要影响寿命、产卵量,进而影响种群增长率;随着雌螨交配时间的延迟,影响的程度逐渐加剧。交配延迟达到或超过7d,雌螨的寿命比对照延长20.17%,产卵量比对照下降26.74%,但对后代的孵化率、存活率无明显影响。对生命表参数的分析结果表明,雌螨交配延迟达到或超过7d,会导致净生殖率显著下降、平均世代周期历期显著延长,而内禀增长率则在交配延迟3d时显著降低。未经交配的雌螨只能营孤雌生殖,寿命延长了31.14%,产卵量减少了30.08%。营孤雌生殖的雌螨可以通过与其后代回交而实现两性生殖。结果提示延迟交配会导致山楂叶螨的繁殖力降低。
In order to explore the negative effect of delayed mating of female mites on the whole population, the effect of delayed mating on the reproduction and population growth of Tetranychus viennensis Zacher was studied in laboratory using leaf-dish feeding method. The results showed that the delayed mating of female mites mainly affected the longevity and the number of eggs laid, which in turn affected the growth rate of the population. With the delay of mating time, the degree of influence gradually increased. The mating delay reached or exceeded 7d. The life span of female mites was 20.17% longer than that of the control and the fecundity was 26.74% lower than that of the control. However, there was no significant effect on the hatching rate and survival rate of offspring. The analysis of life table parameters showed that the mating delay of female mites reached or exceeded 7d, which resulted in a significant decrease of net reproductive rate and a significant prolongation of the average generation cycle, while the intrinsic rate of increase was significantly decreased after 3d mating delay. Unpaired female mites can only parthenogenesis, life expectancy increased by 31.14%, the amount of spawning decreased by 30.08%. Parthenogenetic female mites can reproduce by returning to their offspring. The results suggest that delayed mating results in reduced fecundity of hawthorn spider mites.