我国森林覆盖率远低于世界平均值,木材供应缺口逐年增加,林业面临经济发展、社会效益、生态改善、文明建设和国家木材安全的多重压力。解决这一矛盾的唯一出路是发展高效人工林,以大幅度提高森林覆盖率和林木产量。然而林木具成材周期长、遗传负荷大、杂合度高等特点,难以通过常规方法进行定向培育,因此,亟需加大林木培育的遗传基础研究。近年,我国以现代前沿分子育种手段,特别是功能基因组、分子设计定向培育等为代表的现代生物技术,取得了在国际上有重要影响力的研究成果。进一步加大投入、联合攻关,可望推动林业科学的发展及现代林业产业的兴起。 China’s forest coverage is much lower than the world average, the timber supply gap increases year by year, and the forestry faces multiple pressures of economic development, social benefits, ecological improvement, civilization construction and national timber security. The only way to solve this contradiction is to develop efficient plantation to significantly increase forest cover and forest output. However, the wood has the characteristics of long mature cycle, large genetic load and high heterozygosity, which is difficult to be directionally cultivated by conventional methods. Therefore, it is urgent to increase the genetic basic research of tree cultivation. In recent years, modern biotechnology, represented by modern cutting-edge molecular breeding methods, especially functional genomics and molecular design oriented cultivation, has made great achievements in research in the world. Further increase investment, joint research, is expected to promote the development of forestry science and the rise of modern forestry industry.