20世纪40年代起,拉美国家采取的是以贸易保护思想为基础的进口替代政策,70年代中期开始,大部分拉美国家开始了以贸易开放、资本开放为核心的“新自由主义改革”。本文首先对拉美对外贸易政策的沿革进行回顾,就拉美的“新自由主义”改革的实效进行了一个基本考察,在此基础上,通过计量模型详细探讨了拉美国家的出口和经济增长的关系。 Since the 1940s, Latin American countries adopted the import substitution policy based on the idea of ​​trade protection. Since the mid-1970s, most Latin American countries started the “neoliberal reform” with trade liberalization and capital opening as the core. This paper first reviews the history of Latin American foreign trade policy and makes a basic survey on the effectiveness of the “neoliberal” reform in Latin America. On this basis, the paper examines in detail the relationship between Latin American exports and economic growth.