一 1990年是苏联国民经济结构大调整的一年。解决严峻的社会经济问题,满足人民的物质、文化需求已成为全社会的头等大事。增加食品和日用消费品生产、扩大第三产业、加速住宅建设、发展卫生和教育事业、完善退休制度、懈决严重的生态问题等等,这一切一切都需要巨额资金。仅解决当前紧迫的退休问题和 The first year of 1990 was a major readjustment of the national economy of the Soviet Union. Solving the harsh social and economic problems and meeting people’s material and cultural needs have become the top priority for the entire society. Increasing the production of food and consumer products, expanding the tertiary industry, accelerating housing construction, developing health and education, improving the retirement system, and resolving serious ecological problems all require huge sums of money. Only solve the current pressing retirement issue and