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海洋“生物泵”是海洋去除大气CO2的一种机制。“生物泵”的强度可以用真光层以下水柱生源颗粒物质的输出通量来表示,常用的方法有放射性同位素示踪法和沉积物捕获器法。前者获得的是海洋某一时段、某一站位的颗粒物质通量;而后者除了获取短时间尺度(十几天)至年际尺度的物质通量以外,还可以利用收集到的样品开展地球化学、微体古生物学等分析,从而进一步推知生物泵的组成。迄今为止,利用沉积物捕获器开展南海生物地球化学通量研究已有20余年,已经有诸多成果发表。本文在总结已发表成果和笔者部分未发表数据基础上,对于南海北部海域生物地球化学通量变化、组成特征及其季节变化进行了回顾和总结,并与利用放射性同位素234Th/238U不平衡法获得的结果进行了比较。在此基础上,对南海生物泵结构和调控因子作了初步的分析探讨,发现,南海“碳酸盐泵”和“硅酸盐泵”具有同等重要的作用。指出,若要全面了解南海生物泵的时空变化及其调控机制,需要开展点(锚系潜标与浮标)、线(船基断面调查和过程研究)、面(时间序列的遥感资料)结合的综合观测和研究。
Ocean “biological pump ” is a mechanism for the ocean to remove atmospheric CO2. “Biological pump ” intensity can be expressed as the output flux of particulate matter in the column below the true-euphotic, with radioisotope tracer and sediment trap methods commonly used. The former obtains the fluxes of particulate matter at a certain point in the ocean at a certain period of time. The latter, in addition to obtaining the material flux on a short time scale (ten days) to interannual scales, can also use the collected samples to carry out the earth Chemical, micro-paleontology and other analysis, in order to further infer the composition of biological pumps. Up to now, the use of sediment traps to carry out the South China Sea biogeochemical flux study has been more than 20 years, many results have been published. Based on the published achievements and some unpublished data, this paper reviews and summarizes the changes of biogeochemical fluxes, compositional characteristics and seasonal variations in the northern South China Sea. In addition, it is in agreement with the 234Th / 238U imbalanced radioisotope method The results were compared. On this basis, the preliminary analysis and discussion on the structure and regulation factor of the biological pump in the South China Sea have been found. It is found that the “South China Sea” “carbonate pump” and “silicate pump” have the same important role. It is pointed out that in order to fully understand the spatial and temporal changes of the South China Sea biological pump and its regulation mechanism, it is necessary to carry out the combination of point (submarine mooring and buoy), line (survey of ship foundation section and process), surface (remote sensing data of time series) Comprehensive observation and research.