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核设施特别是核电厂发生事故时可能会造成放射性碘的泄漏,放射性碘不仅会危害暴露人口的健康,而且还会在人体内蓄积。尤其放射性碘131I,是γ和β发射体,半衰期为8 d。当人体吸入或摄入时,放射性碘会集中到甲状腺中,并在该器官蓄积,形成高浓度放射性碘。高浓度的放射性碘增加了暴露人群甲状腺癌发生的风险。国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)、国际原子能机构(IAEA)和世界卫生组织(WHO)已采取了措
Radioactive iodine leaks can occur as a result of accidents at nuclear facilities, especially at nuclear power plants. Radioactive iodine not only jeopardizes the health of the exposed population but also accumulates in the human body. In particular, radioactive iodine 131I is a gamma and beta emitter with a half-life of 8 days. When inhaled or ingested by the body, radioactive iodine concentrates in the thyroid gland and accumulates in the organ to form high concentrations of radioactive iodine. High levels of radioactive iodine increase the risk of thyroid cancer in exposed populations. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have taken steps