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“燃料电池”是利用水电解的逆反应原理发电的一种新能源。由于技术上的障碍,长期以来还只能作为一种良好的愿望存在。1981年,日本政府制定了所谓“月光计划”,投资约110亿日元,正式开始了这一领域的开发。“月光计划”采取三代递进的步骤进行。经6年的努力,至今,第一代以磷酸为电解质的1000千瓦级的电池和发电系统的关键技术均已解决,第二代熔融碳酸盐型也取得了初步进展,除进行了电解质和电解方法的探讨外,研制出了10千瓦级的燃料电池。今年内将对上述第一代发电设备和第二代电池进行运转验证和试车,整个计划将在本世纪内完成。届时,燃料电池将正式作为继水力、火力、原子能之后的第四种发电方式而举世瞩目。
The “fuel cell” is a new type of energy source that uses the reverse reaction principle of water electrolysis. Due to technical obstacles, it has long existed as a good wish. In 1981, the Japanese government formulated the so-called “moonlight plan”, investing about 11 billion yen, officially started the development in this area. The Moonlight Plan takes three generations of progressive steps. After six years of hard work, so far, the first generation of phosphoric acid as the electrolyte of 1000 kilowatts-class batteries and power generation systems have been the key technologies, the second generation of molten carbonate type has made initial progress, in addition to the electrolyte and Electrolysis method of discussion, developed a 10-kilowatt-class fuel cell. This year will be the first generation of power generation equipment and second-generation battery operation verification and commissioning, the entire plan will be completed within the century. At the appointed time, the fuel cell will be officially recognized as the fourth power generation mode after hydropower, firepower and atomic energy.