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采用预埋钨纤维、真空熔铸法制备钨纤维增强铜基复合材料,研究不同钨纤维排布方式对该复合材料密度、导电率等物理性能的影响。研究结果表明:采用直径为0.3 mm的钨丝,编织成相互平行、螺旋旋涡和网状等成型方式预埋于特制的高密、高强和高导的石墨模具中,在1150℃,真空度4×10-2Pa条件下,保温熔铸1～2 h纯铜可以制得钨纤维以所设计的排布方式均匀地分布在铜基体中,无明显偏聚现象,且纤维含量不大于5%的钨纤维增强铜基复合材料。增强相钨纤维与基体铜除极少量的扩散外互不反应也不溶解,两者界面清晰、无孔洞和开裂现象,所得复合材料致密度较高,3种排布方式的相对密度均不小于97%;当钨纤维含量相同时,不同钨纤维排布方式对钨纤维增强铜基复合材料的导电率影响较大,其中单向平行排布方式的导电率最大(94.40%IACS),空间螺旋网状排布导电率最低(85.62%IACS)。
The tungsten fiber reinforced copper matrix composites were prepared by embedding tungsten fiber and vacuum casting method. The effects of different arrangement of tungsten fibers on the physical properties such as density and conductivity of the composites were investigated. The results show that the tungsten wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm is woven into a graphite mold with high density, high strength and high conductivity embedded in a special graphite mold with parallel, spiral vortex, Under the condition of 10-2Pa, the tungsten fibers can be prepared by heat-melting and casting for 1 ~ 2 h. The tungsten fibers are uniformly distributed in the copper matrix in the designed arrangement without obvious segregation phenomenon, and the tungsten fibers with the fiber content not more than 5% Enhanced copper matrix composites. In addition to the small amount of diffusion, the reinforcing phase tungsten fiber and the matrix copper do not react with each other and do not dissolve, the interface between the two phases is clear, no holes and cracking occur, and the resulting composites have higher densities, and the relative densities of the three arrangements are not less than 97% .When the content of tungsten fiber is the same, the arrangement of different tungsten fibers has a great influence on the electrical conductivity of tungsten fiber reinforced copper matrix composites. The unidirectional parallel arrangement has the highest electrical conductivity (94.40% IACS) Mesh arrangement of the lowest conductivity (85.62% IACS).