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庄子学派的本体论和宇宙论紧密结合,混为一体,本文采用流行的说法,称为“宇宙本体论”。《庄子》内篇和外、杂篇在思想上多有出入,内篇基本上自成体系,而外、杂篇中,各篇的观点不尽相同。不少研究者已注意到,内篇的某些语言特点,与战国中期以前的其他古书颇为一致;而外,杂篇的某些语言特点,则与战国中期以后的其他古书大致相同。这种种迹象,大体己能够说明,外、杂篇从整体来说,确实后于内篇,而且并非出自一人之手。所以,本文将内篇作为研究庄周思想的依据,而将外,杂篇作为研究其后学思想的依据。
Zhuangzi school of ontology and cosmology closely integrated, mixed, this article uses the popular saying, known as the “ontology of the universe.” The internal and external articles of Chuang Tzu differ more and more in their thoughts. The internal articles are basically self-contained systems, while the external articles and the miscellaneous articles contain different opinions. Many researchers have noticed that certain linguistic features of the internal text are quite consistent with other ancient books before the mid-Warring States Period. Some of the language features of foreign and miscellaneous articles are roughly the same as the other ancient books after the middle of the Warring States Period. This kind of signs, in principle, can explain that, on the whole, miscellaneous articles do indeed come from the inner part, and not from the hand of one person. Therefore, this article will be used as the basis for the study of Zhuang Zhou thought, while the miscellaneous articles as the basis for the study of his later thoughts.