泰戈尔曾对十月革命表示赞赏。1930年,他不顾年迈体衰,前往苏联访问。他对苏联在文化、农业和教育等领域的成就的充分肯定,源于他对一个理想社会的追求和对英国殖民统治的痛愤。他访苏的主要目的,在于以苏联的教育为借镜来从根本上改变印度社会。他在看到苏联的光明面的同时,也对它的致命弊病提出诚挚而坦率的批评。他的意见是明智的、深刻的和富于哲理的。从一定意义上说,诗人虽然对苏联始终怀有真情和善意,却理性地预见到苏联可能由于这些弊病而灭亡。苏联政府不曾听取他的意见,却始终将他当做朋友,从未对他提出任何反批评或予以负面评价。苏联之行对泰戈尔人生最后阶段的思想和创作产生了重大影响。他的《俄罗斯书简》以及他与苏联官方及友人的众多通信,是研究他与苏联(俄罗斯)关系的重要文献。本文为纪念泰戈尔诞辰150周年而作,系国内第一篇涉及泰戈尔与苏联关系的论文。 Tagore once praised the October Revolution. In 1930, he ignored the aging body and went to visit the Soviet Union. He fully affirmed Soviet achievements in such fields as culture, agriculture and education from his pursuit of an ideal society and his indignation at British colonial rule. The main purpose of his visit to the Soviet Union lies in fundamentally changing the Indian society through the education of the Soviet Union. While seeing the bright side of the Soviet Union, he also offered his sincere and frank criticism of its fatal flaws. His advice is sensible, profound and philosophical. In a certain sense, although the poet always cherished the true feelings and goodwill toward the Soviet Union, he rationally foresees that the Soviet Union may perish due to these defects. The Soviet government never listened to his opinions but always regarded him as a friend and never made any anti-criticism or negative comment on him. The trip to the Soviet Union had a significant impact on the thinking and creation of Tagore’s final stage of his life. His “Russian Book Brief” and his numerous communications with officials and friends of the Soviet Union are important documents for studying his relations with the Soviet Union (Russia). This article is dedicated to commemorating the 150th anniversary of Tagore’s birth and is the first Chinese essay on the relationship between Tagore and the Soviet Union.