“两反一保”措施和技术性标准的设置是世贸组织允许的合规性措施 ,但这些措施一旦被滥用则成为表面合理而实质上保护性极强的贸易壁垒。同为发达国家的日本与美欧在“合规性”贸易壁垒的运用方面存在极为明显的差异。本文对此进行分析并探讨了其中的成因。 The “two anti-one-insure” measures and the setting of technical standards are WTO-approved compliance measures. However, once they are abused, these measures become reasonably substantively highly protective trade barriers. Japan and the United States and Europe, both developed countries, have very different differences in the use of “compliance” trade barriers. This article analyzes this and explores the causes.