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本文首次提出利用激光冲击波进行金属板料成形的新技术——金属板料的激光冲击成形,分析了其成形机理和特点。利用脉冲能量为1030J、脉宽为20ns的高功率Nd:Glass激光器,对金属板料进行了激光冲击成形的实验研究,探讨了激光参数、约束边界条件等对板料成形的影响。结果表明:在单次激光冲击下,随激光能量的增加,板料成形量随之增大,顶部曲率半径减小;随约束孔径的增加,板料成形量和顶部曲率半径都随之增加;在成形区凸面顶部为残余压缩应力-301MPa～-28MPa,而在成形凹面顶部因板料厚度的不同而呈现为残余压缩应力或拉伸应力。通过选择不同的激光参数和约束条件可以获得所需的工件轮廓形状和表面残余应力性质,为大面积板料的无模激光冲击成形技术的研究提供了依据。
This paper presents for the first time the use of laser shock wave for sheet metal forming new technology - metal sheet laser shock forming, forming mechanism and characteristics. The experimental research on laser shock forming of sheet metal was carried out by using high power Nd: Glass laser with pulse energy of 1030J and pulse width of 20ns. The effects of laser parameters, confinement boundary conditions on sheet forming were discussed. The results show that with the increase of laser energy, the sheet forming rate increases and the radius of curvature at the top decreases with the increase of laser energy. With the increase of the confining aperture, the sheet forming rate and the radius of curvature of the top all increase. In the forming area, the top of the convex surface is residual compressive stress of -301MPa ~ -28MPa, while the top of the concave shape of the forming concave residual compressive stress or tensile stress due to the different sheet thickness. By selecting different laser parameters and constraints, we can get the required contour shape of the workpiece and the surface residual stress properties, which provides a basis for the research of the dieless laser impact forming technology for large area sheets.