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食品动物饲养中抗生素滥用现象严重,抗生素滥用既会导致动物免疫力下降、产生耐药性、影响畜牧业健康发展,其在食品动物中的残留问题又会对人体健康造成现实和潜在的危害。抗生素滥用既有养殖户追求经济利益、食品安全意识差、养殖现状与养殖水平粗放落后的原因,也有抗生素使用标准体系不健全、监管不到位的原因,还有司法机关打击不力的因素。依照现行法律通过刑事手段打击抗生素滥用行为是完全可行的。在食品动物饲养过程中使用了禁用抗生素药物的,应构成生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪;不遵守用药规定超限量或者超范围使用经国家批准允许使用的抗生素药物,且足以造成严重食物中毒事故或者其他严重食源性疾病的,可以以生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪定罪处罚;将治疗用途的抗生素药物作为非治疗用途在饲料中长期添加使用的,可以以生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪追究刑事责任。食品动物饲养中非法添加的抗生素不论属于哪种类型,均可能构成生产、销售伪劣产品罪,即前述两罪名与生产、销售伪劣产品罪存在法条竞合关系,应择重而处。
Abuse of antibiotics in food animal husbandry is serious. Antibiotic abuse will lead to the decrease of immunity and resistance of animals, which will affect the healthy development of animal husbandry. Residual problems in food animals may cause real and potential harm to human health. The abuse of antibiotics is not only the pursuit of economic interests of farmers, food safety awareness is poor, aquaculture status and the reasons for the rough level of backwardness, but also the standard system of antibiotics is not perfect, regulatory reasons are not in place, as well as the judiciary to combat the ineffective factors. It is perfectly feasible to combat the abuse of antibiotics by criminal means according to the existing laws. The use of prohibited antibiotics in the process of food animal husbandry shall constitute the crime of producing and selling toxic and harmful foods; the non-compliance with the prescriptions of drugs exceeds the limit or out of range by the use of antibiotics approved by the State for approval and is sufficient to cause serious food poisoning incidents Or other serious food-borne diseases, may convict and punish the production or sale of food that does not meet the safety standards; the long-term use of antibiotic drugs for therapeutic purposes as feedstocks for non-therapeutic purposes may be used to produce and sell toxic and harmful Food crime pursued criminal responsibility. Regardless of the type of antibiotics illegally added in food animal husbandry, they may constitute the crime of producing or selling fake and inferior products. That is to say, the above two crimes should exist in competition with the law of producing and selling fake and shoddy products.