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从早期的PVC人造革到干法PU合成革,再到现在相当普遍的湿法PU合成革,直至当前供不应求的超细纤维,合成革产品的种类越来越多、功能越来越全面。合成革的应用范围也由以箱包为主发展到了服装、鞋帽、汽车、家具甚至航空领域。一些合成革产品的手感、透气性以及外观都与真皮接近,有的甚至超过了真皮。功能的完善和良好的市场机会使广大合成革企业得到了蓬勃发展。其中温州合成革企业发展壮大的速度更是令人瞠目。 从1991年温州第一家合成革企业投产至今短短的10年时间里,已发展到了70来家生产企业。拥有干法PU生产线91条、湿法PU生产线55条、压延生产线8条,日生产能力240万平方米、年产值60多亿元,几乎占全国市场份额的70％以上。而与此形成对比的是,国内原来生产人造革的国有企业,除了几家合资比较成功的和个别大型企业外,几乎全部倒下,技术人员大量流向温州。 温州合成革为什么能够在如此短的时间里取代广东,超过台湾?带着这些疑问,笔者采访了温州合成革商会的领导及几个大型合成革企业的老总:
From early PVC artificial leathers to dry PU synthetic leathers, to nowadays quite common wet PU synthetic leathers, up to the present ultra-fine fibers that are in short supply, the types of synthetic leather products are increasing and the functions are becoming more comprehensive. The scope of application of synthetic leather has also evolved from bags to clothing, shoes and hats, automobiles, furniture and even aviation. Some synthetic leather products have the feel, breathability and appearance that are close to the dermis, and some even exceed the dermis. The perfect function and good market opportunities have enabled the vast number of synthetic leather companies to flourish. The speed at which Wenzhou Synthetic Leather Company grows and grows is even more impressive. Since the first synthetic leather manufacturer in Wenzhou was put into operation in 1991, it has grown to 70 companies. It has 91 dry PU production lines, 55 wet PU production lines and 8 calendered production lines. Its daily production capacity is 2.4 million square meters, and its annual production value is over 6 billion yuan, accounting for almost 70% of the national market share. In contrast to this, the state-owned enterprises that originally produced artificial leather in China, except for several successful joint ventures and individual large-scale enterprises, almost all fell, and a large number of technical personnel flowed to Wenzhou. Why could Wenzhou Synthetic Leather replace Guangdong in such a short period of time and surpass Taiwan? With these questions, the author interviewed the leaders of the Wenzhou Synthetic Leather Association and the CEOs of several large-scale synthetic leather companies: