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居卡爾(ZiyaGkalp)活躍於二十世紀初年,即現代土耳出現的關鍵時刻,爲其新文化運動領袖及立國思想即土耳其主義(Turkism)創始人,并爲執政革命黨“聯進會”(CUP)核心人物。本文旨在將之與中國新文化運動領袖胡適作一比較,全文分三部分:奥圖曼帝國蜕變爲土耳其的歷史背景;此過程中的兩個文化運動及其領導人那覓凱末爾(Namik Kemal)和居卡爾;居卡爾和胡適的比較。最後部分爲重點,分别從以下三方面展開討論:兩人封新語文運動的貢獻;封新學術運動的貢獻;對傳統文化的態度以及對國家的貢獻。總結部分指出,胡適的影響主要在語文和學術,亦即以文化和立言爲主,居卡爾的貢獻則在於爲土耳其立國指出大方向,立功與立言兼而有之。
Ziya Gkalp, active in the early twentieth century, is the moment when modern Turkey emerged as the leader of the New Culture Movement and the founder of the nation-building idea, namely Turkism, and as the leader of the Revolutionary Party Progressive "(CUP) core figure. This article aims to compare it with Hu Shih, leader of the New Culture Movement in China, which is divided into three parts: the transformation of the Ottoman Empire into the historical background of Turkey; the two cultural movements in this process and the leaders of the two leaders, Namik Kemal and Jurkal; comparison of Jurker and Hu Shi. The last part focuses on the discussion from the following three aspects respectively: the contribution of the two in the new language movement; the contribution of the new academic movement; the attitude toward traditional culture and its contribution to the country. The conclusion points out that the main influence of Hu Shi lies in language and academic, that is, culture and righteousness are the main contributions. Jurkal’s contribution lies in pointing out the general direction, meritorious deeds and positive rhetoric for Turkey’s founding father.