一、问题背景1982年我国进行了第三次人口普查和全国千分之一人口生育率抽样调查,为人口研究提供了极其丰富的资料。历史资料表明:我国妇女总和生育率在四十年代为5.44,五十年代为5.87,六十年代为5.68,七十年代为4.01。八十年代前两年为2.43。这一变化反映了各个时期政治和社会经济状况对妇女生育的影响。七十年代总和生育率大幅度下降,表明了计划生育政策对控制 I. Background of the Problem In 1982, the third census conducted in China and a sample survey of one-thousandth of the country’s population fertility rate provided extremely rich data for population research. Historical data show that the total fertility rate of women in China was 5.44 in the 1940s, 5.87 in the 50s, 5.68 in the 1960s, and 4.01 in the 1970s. The first two years of the 1980s were 2.43. This change reflects the impact of political and socio-economic conditions on women’s fertility in various periods. In the 1970s, the total fertility rate dropped drastically, indicating that the family planning policy controls