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1.科学技术活动,指在所有科学技术领域内,即自然科学、工程和技术科学、医学、农业科学、社会科学及人文科学中,与科技知识的产生、发展、传播和应用密切相关的全部的有系统的活动。这些活动包括:科学研究与技术开发,大致属于第三阶段的科学技术教育和培训、科学技术服务等活动。 2.科学研究与技术开发活动,包括基础研究、应用研究、实验发展和科技成果应用开发活动。前三种类型的活动合称为研究与实验发展活动(即国际上通称的R&D活动),是指为了增加知识总量,其中包括有关人类、文化和社会知识的探索以及利用这些知识去发明新的用途所从事的系统的创造性工作。研究与实验发展活动的基本因素是:一、创造性的因素;二、创新或革新的因素;三、科学方法的运用;四、新知识的产生。决定因素是创造和革新。科技成果应用开发活动,是实验发展的延伸、包括从实验发展得到的原型(样品、样机、样
1. Science and technology activities refer to all that are closely related to the generation, development, diffusion and application of scientific and technological knowledge in all fields of science and technology, that is, natural sciences, engineering and technology sciences, medicine, agricultural sciences, social sciences and humanities Systematic activities. These activities include: scientific research and technology development, roughly belonging to the third phase of science and technology education and training, science and technology services and other activities. 2. Scientific research and technology development activities, including basic research, applied research, experimental development and scientific and technological achievements application development activities. The first three types of activities collectively referred to as research and experimental development activities (commonly known internationally R & D activities) means that in order to increase the total amount of knowledge, including exploration of human, cultural and social knowledge and the use of this knowledge to invent new The purpose of the system engaged in the creative work. The basic elements of research and experimental development activities are: First, the creative factors; Second, the factors of innovation or innovation; Third, the use of scientific methods; Fourth, the emergence of new knowledge. The deciding factor is creation and innovation. Application of scientific and technological achievements development activities, is an extension of the experimental development, including the experimental prototype (sample, prototype, like