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本文报告了印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤感染鼠疫菌后,生存期限及集群传播鼠疫的能力。结果表明,印鼠客蚤在温度23±1℃,相对湿度80±5％下,生存时间长达177d,平均51.6d,120多天仍具有传播能力,132d还分离到鼠疫菌,终生感染率为90.9％;饥饿状态下,最长21d,平均9d;集群叮咬传播动物感染率达100％。缓慢细蚤在温度21±1℃,相对湿度75±5％下,生存时间最长80d,平均15.9d,带菌时间最长31d,终生感染率87.5％;饥饿状态下,存活时间最长7d,平均3d;集群叮咬传播动物感染率为零。鉴此印鼠客蚤是云南家鼠鼠疫源地的主要传疫者,而缓慢细蚤在家鼠中起不到主要传疫作用。
In this paper, we report the survivals and the ability of cluster plague to disseminate plague after infecting plague mice with flea and rat fleas. The results showed that the survival time of flea fleece was 177 days (average 51.6 days) at temperature of 23 ± 1 ℃ and relative humidity of 80 ± 5% Was 90.9%. In the state of starvation, the maximum was 21 days, an average of 9 days. The infection rate of bite-spread animals was 100%. The survival time was the longest 80d, averaged 15.9d, the longest duration of infection was 31d, and the lifetime infection rate was 87.5%. In the starvation state, the survival time was up to 7 days, An average of 3 days; the rate of infection by cluster bites was zero. In view of this Indian rat flea is the main source of Yunnan house rat plague origin, while the slow flea in house mouse play a major role in the epidemic.