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以黑粒小麦‘漯珍一号’为供试材料,通过棚下盆栽试验研究了不同施氮量及花后土壤相对含水量对‘漯珍一号’植株氮素吸收、转运、分配以及籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量的影响。结果表明:相同施氮量下,黑小麦籽粒含氮量、蛋白质积累量随水分胁迫加剧而降低;各蛋白质组分含量的变化随施氮量的不同而存在差异,在低氮[N_1,150 kg(N)·hm~(-2)]条件下,随水分胁迫加剧,清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白含量升高,高氮[N_3,300 kg(N)·hm~(-2)]条件下,清蛋白、球蛋白含量升高,而醇溶蛋白含量降低。相同水分胁迫(土壤相对含水量为55%~65%,W_2;土壤相对含水量为35%~45%,W_3)条件下,籽粒氮素含量、籽粒中蛋白质的积累量随施氮量增加而提高,成熟期籽粒氮素含量占总氮素含量的比例下降;而充足供水(土壤相对含水量为75%~85%,W_1)时,中氮处理[N_2,240 kg(N)·hm~(-2)]籽粒蛋白质积累量最高,同时,营养器官贮藏氮素向籽粒的转运量、转运率均达最大值,对籽粒的贡献率也较高。W_1处理时,清蛋白、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量随施氮量的增加而提高,麦谷蛋白在N_2处理达最大值;而W_2、W_3处理情况下,N_2处理小麦中各蛋白质组分含量最高。综上所述,本试验条件下,施氮量及花后土壤相对含水量对黑粒小麦氮代谢具有显著影响,施氮量过高或过低以及水分胁迫均不利于黑粒小麦氮代谢过程的有效进行,综合考虑,花后充足供水(W_1)与中等施氮水平(N_2)组合对黑粒小麦氮素吸收、转运和分配具有较好的调控作用。
Taking black wheat ’Luozhen 1’ as test material, the effects of nitrogen application rate and post-anthesis soil moisture on nitrogen absorption, transport, distribution and grain protein of ’Luozhen 1’ And its component content. The results showed that under the same nitrogen application rate, the contents of nitrogen and protein in black wheat grains decreased with the increase of water stress. The changes of the contents of protein components varied with the amount of nitrogen applied. Under low nitrogen [N_1, 150 kg (N) · hm -2], the contents of albumin, globulin and gliadin increased with the increase of water stress, and the contents of high nitrogen [N 3 300 kg (N) · hm -2] ] Conditions, albumin, globulin content increased, while reducing the content of gliadin. Under the same water stress (soil relative water content was 55% -65%, W_2; soil relative water content was 35% -45%, W_3), the grain nitrogen content and the accumulation of protein in grain increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate (N 2, 240 kg (N) · hm ~ (-1)), while the proportion of nitrogen in the grains increased with the increase of grain yield (-2)] had the highest accumulation of grain protein, meanwhile, the transport amount and transport rate of nitrogen in storage organs to vegetative organs reached the maximum, and the contribution rate to grain was also higher. The content of albumin, globulin and gliadin increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and the maximum value of glutenin treated with N_2 in W_1 treatment, while the highest content of N_2 in wheat with W_2 and W_3 treatments . In summary, under the experimental conditions, nitrogen application rate and post-anthesis soil relative water content had a significant effect on nitrogen metabolism of black grain wheat. Nitrogen application rate was too high or too low and water stress was not conducive to nitrogen metabolism of black grain wheat The results showed that the combination of sufficient post-anthesis water supply (W_1) and moderate nitrogen application (N_2) had a good regulatory effect on the nitrogen uptake, translocation and distribution of black grain wheat.