本文系统地介绍了“形状记忆合金”的特征、应用领域和最近的发展概况。文中首先针对以热弹性马氏体相变为根据的记忆合金中出现的记忆效应、超弹性效应等现象,从原理上扼要地予以说明;其次,用典型示例对记忆合金在机械、电子、能源、医学等众多领域中的应用成果做了示范性的解说;最后,指出了目前形状记忆合金的发展趋势和需要解决的一些关键问题。 This article systematically introduces the “shape memory alloy” features, applications and recent developments. In the paper, the memory effect, superelasticity effect and so on appeared in the memory alloy based on the thermoelastic martensitic transformation are briefly described in principle. Secondly, with the typical examples, the memory alloy in the mechanical, electronic, energy , Medicine and many other fields in the application of the results made an exemplary explanation; Finally, pointed out the current shape memory alloy trends and some of the key issues to be solved.