水环境中的病原体严重危害水质安全和人类健康。建立水环境中病原体的高效、快速检测方法,对预防和控制水体病原体暴发、保障水质安全具有重要意义。PCR及其衍生技术因其具有高度灵敏性、特异性和准确性等特点,成为检测水环境中病原体最常用的方法之一。该文综述了利用PCR及其衍生技术对水环境中病毒、致病菌、病原原生动物、病原蠕虫等病原体检测的研究进展。 Pathogens in water environment seriously endanger water quality and human health. Establishing an efficient and rapid detection method for pathogens in water environment is of great significance in preventing and controlling the outbreak of pathogens in water bodies and ensuring water quality and safety. Because of its high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, PCR and its derivatization techniques are one of the most commonly used methods for detecting pathogens in aquatic environments. This review summarizes the progress in the detection of pathogens such as viruses, pathogens, pathogenic protozoa and pathogenic worms by using PCR and its derivatization.