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日本钢铁行业自70年代以来,经历了3次重大冲击,即70年代的两次石油危机和1985年乌拉圭回合后的日元迅猛升值。石油危机对于能源消耗大的钢铁行业,特别对象日本那样缺乏一次能源国家的钢铁行业来讲,打击尤大。而日元的急剧升值,导致了日本产品国际竞争力下降,出口萎缩,这对30%的钢铁依赖出口的日本钢铁行业,无疑也是一个沉重打击。面对这3次打击,日本的钢铁行业不得不采取一些所谓的“合理化”措施,以适应外部环境的变化。本文拟
The Japanese steel industry has undergone three major shocks since the 1970s, the two oil crises of the 1970s and the rapid appreciation of the yen after the 1985 Uruguay Round. The oil crisis is particularly hard on the energy-intensive steel industry, particularly the steel industry in Japan, which lacks an energy country. The sharp appreciation of the yen has led to a decline in the international competitiveness of Japanese products and a decline in exports. This is undoubtedly a heavy blow to the Japanese steel industry, which exports 30% of its steel products. In the face of these three blows, Japan’s steel industry has to adopt some so-called “rationalization” measures to adapt to changes in the external environment. This article is intended