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一、生态农业生态农业是以生态学理论为指导,运用系统工程方法,以合理利用农业自然资源和建立良好的、不同类型的、多层次的农业生态系统为途径,获得生态效益、经济效益、社会效益相统一的综合性效益,是因地制宜地规划、组织和进行农业生产的一种农业发展模式。在每种类型的生态农业系统中,环境要素与生物生产者之间形成互相关联、互相协调的有机体,实现物质与能量在各个生产层次中的循环,并通过合理的投入,获得必要的产出,并维持生产系统的稳定。生态农业具有降低能耗、改善环境及农产品质量、保护自然资源、经济效益高的特点。生态农业的主要途径是通过提高太阳能的利用率、生物能的转化率、废弃物的再循环利用率等,促进物质在农业生态系统内部的循环利用、生态环境保护及获取较高的经济效益,使农业生产处于良性循环中,并可得到统一的综合效益。在我国农村,推广和实施各类生态农业模式有重要意义:可以建立良性生态系统,达到农业生产过程清洁化和农产品无害化;增加农民收入、改善农民生活条件、提高生活质量,达到人类社会与自然和谐发展的目的。
I. Ecological Agriculture Eco-agriculture is based on the theory of ecology and uses systematic engineering methods to make rational use of agricultural natural resources and establishing a good, different type and multi-level agro-ecological system as the means to obtain ecological benefits, economic benefits, The comprehensive benefit of unifying social benefits is an agricultural development model for planning, organizing and carrying out agricultural production according to local conditions. In each type of eco-agricultural system, environmental elements and biological producers form interrelated and coordinated organisms, so as to realize the circulation of material and energy at various production levels and obtain the necessary output through reasonable investment , And maintain the stability of the production system. Eco-agriculture has the characteristics of reducing energy consumption, improving environment and quality of agricultural products, protecting natural resources and having high economic benefits. The main approach of eco-agriculture is to promote the recycling of materials within the agro-ecosystems, the protection of ecological environment and access to higher economic benefits by improving the utilization of solar energy, the conversion rate of bio-energy and the recycling rate of wastes, The agricultural production in a virtuous circle, and get a unified comprehensive benefits. In rural areas of our country, promoting and implementing various types of eco-agriculture models is of great significance: a virtuous ecosystem can be established to achieve clean agricultural production and innocuous agricultural products; farmers ’incomes can be increased; peasants’ living conditions improved; quality of life improved; and human beings can be reached The purpose of harmonious development with nature.