本文阐述了小儿术后抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征的病理生理、临床表现，列举了诊断依据及鉴别诊断要点，针对其稀释性低钠血症的特点，治疗包括限制水摄入，输注等张液及其他辅助措施，强调术后早期应避免输入低张或无张液。 This article describes the pediatric postoperative antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, lists the basis of diagnosis and differential diagnosis points, for its characteristics of diluted hyponatremia, treatment, including water restriction, infusion, etc. Fluid and other ancillary measures, emphasizing the early postoperative should avoid the importation of low or no fluid.