英格兰北部山区高地主要是由海拔600米以上的切割高原构成的(图1)。其西部是崎岖的山脉,大部分是砂岩和页岩。它是由早古生代到中生代时期形成的一个具有背斜性质的隆起区。该地区的自然景观在很大程度上受更新世冰川作用的影响,许多地段是由冰川漂流沉积物覆盖着,这些漂流物通常是由多石的壤土或粘土组成。 The northern highlands of England are mainly composed of cutting plateaus above 600 meters above sea level (Figure 1). The west is rugged mountains, mostly sandstone and shale. It is from the Early Paleozoic to Mesozoic period formed a anticlinal nature of the uplift. The natural landscape of the area is largely influenced by the role of the Pleistocene glaciers, many of which are covered by glacial drifting deposits, often composed of stony loam or clay.